Anthrcul 244 Exam 2

bioethnography

biological citizenship

charismatic

emphasizes a personal relationship with Jesus, the baptism in the Holy Spirit, and the use of spiritual gifts (charisms) like prophecy, healing, and tongues

contract metaphor

cosmology

a way of understanding the makeup, structure, and features of the universe

• serves as a way of delineating the realm of the sacred, can be physical or metaphysical

discernment

divinely-heightened intuition

doula

birth practicioners without medical responsibility who provide support to birthing people

efficacy

effectiveness at producing a result

entanglement theory

environmental health

environmental racism

gender affirming care

interventions which are designed and intended to support and affirm an individual’s gender identity

gender identity

one’s innate, personal sense of gender

• self-identification, internally felt

• may correspond or be different from sex assigned at birth

gender variance

an umbrella term for gender identities and expressions, often framed in terms of difference from dominant societal norms

genomic articulation

the use of genetic ancestry/genetic data to identify and define indigenous populations

• emphasis to “biological-based” groups, who are united by being traced to particular founder populations, not their relationship with/opposition to colonialism

• treating indigenous people as “storehouses of unique genetic diversity” plays into the "vanishing American” trope all over again as fear arises of genetic uniqueness being lost through admixture

“good death”

green burial

habitus

human composting

indigeneity

a state of being indigenous, a quality of identity linked with continuity in a particular place, shared ancestry, and group belonging

• historically contingent and dynamic as opposed to being static

MAID

midwife

healthcare professionals specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and gynecologic care, often focusing on low-intervention, personalized support

neurasthenia

a physiological condition caused partly by an impaired nervous system

• neurological degeneration which is manifested as a host of psychic and bodily complaints, including exhaustion, memory loss, sleep disturbance, and various aches and pains, and results from the degeneration of nerve tissue due to overuse

• associated with threat to moral worth and exonomic productivity

obstetric racism

institutional racism in a healthcare context marked by disempowerment, inadequate care, and unwanted interventions during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period

old age home

palliative care

political economy of illness

pom

porosity

precarity

racialization

rationalization/McDonaldization

recognition

ritual

• a repeated performance that involves symbols that relate to religious activities (the symbols have been invented prior to the ritual taking place)

• a process that follows a liturgical order which is intended to transmit messages to a group

social identities

positions a person holds in a particular society, or groups to which they claim belonging

• might be externally imposed and ascribed, or are within the agency/choice of the individual

somatization

stratified reproduction

syncretism

the blending of religious beliefs

technocratic/technocratic model

• a paradigm that treats the birthing body as a machine, the baby as a product of mechanical process, and makes a strict separation between the two

• authority is invested in biomedical practicioners, hierarchically positioned as the “normal and best”

• technology is supervalued alongside (in some cases) aggressive intervention

technogenic catastrophe

“timekeepers”

a group of Mayan healers whose work involves supernatural elements, such as communication with ancestors or other transcendent elements of Maya cosmology

• called Ajq’ijab/Ajq’ij

• specialize in ailments from the spiritual realm

tripartite view

viewing a person in three parts: body, mind (soul), and spirit

• body = requires physical healing (prayer, laying on of hands, anointing with oil)

• mind (soul) = requires inner healing (changing attitudes or feelings, examining and repairing relationships)

• spirit = requires deliverance (evil spirits or demons are identified and banished, though not through formal exorcism)

“unruly bodies”

monitoring/testing reveals abnormalities that require more monitoring/testing and that justify the need for more monitoring/testing

women under medicaid are forced to undergo more examinations, often leading to the discovery of more “issues” which leads to more examinations etc. 

weathering

a medical anthropology and public health framework explaining how chronic stress from systemic racism, oppression, and poverty causes premature biological aging and chronic disease in marginalized populations. It describes the cumulative "wear and tear" on bodies—similar to erosion—leading to early health deterioration and mortality.

holistic model

knowledge that arises from one’s intuition, individualization of care, authority with the individual

• embracing healing systems and modalities outside the biomedical

humanistic model

focus on the body as an organism, not a machine

• not an excusively “outside-in” approach to diagnosis and care, responsibilities shared by practicioner and patient