Mitosis and meiosis

Mitosis

the process of cell division to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells

Where does mitosis occur

bone marrow, skin, gut lining, hair follicles, meristem cells in plants

What are the 4 stages of mitosis

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Importance of mitosis (4 reasons)

Chromosome number, growth, asexual reproduction, tissue replacement

Chromosome number in daughter cells in mitosis

46

Ploidy of daughter cells of diploid parent cell in mitosis

Diploid

Meiosis

A process of cell division for sexual reproduction to produce genetically different gamete cells

Where does meiosis occur

The testes in males and the ovaries in females

What are the 8 stages of meiosis

Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II

Importance of meiosis (3 reasons)

Keeps the chromosome number constant from one gen to the next, generates genetic variations in the gametes, conserves genetic material across gens

Chromosome number in daughter cells of meiosis

23

Ploidy of daughter cells of diploid parent cell in meiosis

Haploid

Tumour suppressor gene

A gene that normally slows the cell cycle to prevent uncontrolled cell division

Proto-oncogene

A normal healthy gene that codes for proteins that make the cell cycle happen

Oncogene

A mutated version of a proto-oncogene that is over expressed and leads to over active mitosis

Malignant

A cancerous tumour that can grow and spread to other parts of the body

Benign

A tumour that is not cancerous and will not spread to other parts of the body

Interphase

Longest phase of cell cycle. Cells growth, organelle and DNA replication, protein synthesis

Prophase in mitosis

Prophase I in meiosis

Prophase II in meiosis

Metaphase in mitosis

Metaphase I in meiosis

Metaphase II in meiosis

Anaphase in mitosis

Anaphase I in meiosis

Anaphase II in meiosis

Telophase in mitosis

Telophase I in meiosis

Telophase II in meiosis

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm to create 2 daughter cells