Mitosis and meiosis
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31 Terms
Mitosis
the process of cell division to produce 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells
Where does mitosis occur
bone marrow, skin, gut lining, hair follicles, meristem cells in plants
What are the 4 stages of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Importance of mitosis (4 reasons)
Chromosome number, growth, asexual reproduction, tissue replacement
Chromosome number in daughter cells in mitosis
46
Ploidy of daughter cells of diploid parent cell in mitosis
Diploid
Meiosis
A process of cell division for sexual reproduction to produce genetically different gamete cells
Where does meiosis occur
The testes in males and the ovaries in females
What are the 8 stages of meiosis
Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II
Importance of meiosis (3 reasons)
Keeps the chromosome number constant from one gen to the next, generates genetic variations in the gametes, conserves genetic material across gens
Chromosome number in daughter cells of meiosis
23
Ploidy of daughter cells of diploid parent cell in meiosis
Haploid
Tumour suppressor gene
A gene that normally slows the cell cycle to prevent uncontrolled cell division
Proto-oncogene
A normal healthy gene that codes for proteins that make the cell cycle happen
Oncogene
A mutated version of a proto-oncogene that is over expressed and leads to over active mitosis
Malignant
A cancerous tumour that can grow and spread to other parts of the body
Benign
A tumour that is not cancerous and will not spread to other parts of the body
Interphase
Longest phase of cell cycle. Cells growth, organelle and DNA replication, protein synthesis
Prophase in mitosis
Prophase I in meiosis
Prophase II in meiosis
Metaphase in mitosis
Metaphase I in meiosis
Metaphase II in meiosis
Anaphase in mitosis
Anaphase I in meiosis
Anaphase II in meiosis
Telophase in mitosis
Telophase I in meiosis
Telophase II in meiosis
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm to create 2 daughter cells