Allele Dominant Recessive Incomplete Dominance Codominance Sex Linked Multiple Alleles Mendelian Non Mendelian Genotype Phenotype

Law of Segregation

The Law of Segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Law of Independent Assortment

The Law of Independent Assortment states that the alleles for different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Allele

An allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits.

Homozygous

Homozygous refers to an individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous

Heterozygous refers to an individual having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Dominant

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

Recessive

A recessive allele must be present in two copies to express its trait in the phenotype.

Genotype

Genotype is the genetic composition of an individual, representing the alleles inherited from both parents.

Phenotype

Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual, determined by the genotype.

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype.

Codominance

Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as in AB blood type.

Sex Linked

Sex-linked traits are associated with genes located on sex chromosomes, often leading to differing expressions in males and females due to the presence of one X and one Y chromosome in males.

Multiple Alleles

Multiple alleles are when more than two alternative forms of a gene exist in a population, exemplified by the ABO blood type system where three alleles (IA, IB, i) determine blood type.

Mendelian

Mendelian inheritance refers to patterns of inheritance that are characteristic of traits governed by single genes, following the principles set forth by Gregor Mendel, including segregation and independent assortment.

Non Mendelian

Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns involve more complex interactions than simple dominant and recessive alleles, including polygenic traits and environmental influences that affect phenotype.