Big Business and Gilded Age

unlimited labor force, abundant coal supply, iron mining

name three reasons why the United States became the world’s leading economy

laissez-faire

what policy has the government not interfering in the people’s lives

tariff laws

what laws protected American businesses from foreign competition

economies of scale

the idea that large businesses can operate more efficiently

Alexander Graham Bell

who invented the telephone

Thomas Edison

who perfected the incandescent light bulb and the phonograph

the railroad industry

what industry helped bring about standardized time zones

greater efficiency, manager system, economy of sale

what are the advantages of big businesses

author of rags to riches (American Dream) dime novels

what was horatio alger known for

monopoly

this is a type of business that controls the supply of a product

horizontal integration

when a business controls all other companies of the same type

vertical integration

when a business controls other companies that contribute to that industry

John D Rockefeller

leader of the Standard Oil Company

Andrew Carengie

leader of the steel industry

Cornelius Vanderbilt

leading railroad owner

social Darwinism

theory that the best business will survive and prosper

Gospel of Wealth

the practice of giving away large sums of wealth

robber barons

name given to the major owners of the big businesses

Sherman Anti-trust act

federal law that attempted to regulate the activities of big businesses

merger

monopoly formed by creating one large company out of several companies

trust

monopoly formed by the leaders of several businesses acting as one

sweatshops; low wages, long hours, dangerous conditions, company towns, child labor

describe the working conditions in the late 1800s

town owned by a company and provides employment for those living in it

Ex. Pullman Company Town

what was a company town

work to get better working conditions, pay, and hours for workers

what is the job of a labor union

they used strikes, collective bargaining, and arbitration

what method did unions use to try and achieve their goals

list of people seen as suspicious or that are being disapproved of; workers put on this lists if they were seen as troublemakers

what is a blacklist

temporary work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labor dispute

what is a lockout

scabs

what were replacement workers called

injunctions

a court order to stop striking is called

injunctions, sent troops

in what way did the federal government get involved in strikes

Knights of Labor

which labor union accepted all types of workers

violence that caused union participation to drop

what happened at haymarket square that hurt the goal of unions

skilled labor

what type of worker was allowed to join the AFL

combined all workers in an industry

how was an industrial union different

Terrence Powderly

who was the leader of the Knights of Labor

Samuel Gompers

who led the AFL

Eugene V Debs

who started the industrial union movement

western europe

where were the first immigrants to the united states from

started coming from different places such as eastern europe, asians, and hispancis

how did immigration change in the later 1800s

areas where ethnic groups settled and lived together

what are ethnic neighborhoods

Chinese

what group did the government ban from further immigration in 1882

immigrant settlement, decline of farmers, closing of the frontier

what were three reasons that cities were growing so fast in the late 1800s

tenement housing

what were the cramped, poorly built apartment buildings of the cities called

“How the Other Half Lives”

what book did Jacob Riis write

living condition of immigrants and poor people in the cities

what was Riis’ book about

Jane Addams

who started Hull House in Chicago

settlement house (center in an underprivileged area that provides community services)

what was Hull House

Chicago

what large American city was nearly destroyed by fire in 1871

groups such as the Salvation Army, settlement houses, organized fire and police departments, sanitation departments, transportation systems

name several things that began to imporve the quality of urban living

graft

what term is used to describe the action of stealing money from the government

kickbacks

what term describes the process of getting paid to give out government projects

when a party comes to dominate an area

what is a political machine

bosses controlled many of the jobs and services, immigrants and poor taken care of if they gave their voting loyalty; and cities lacked services

why were political machines able to control an area

Tammany Hall ring

what famous political machine controlled New York City

Thomas Nast

what famous cartoonist helped to expose the corruption of the machine

railroad scandal

what kind of scandal was Credit Mobilier

lobbyist

Congress was often accused of being controlled by these groups in the later 1800s

Rutherford Hayes

which President first began a campaign to reform the government

James Garfield

which President was assassinated over trying to reform the corrupt government

law to get rid of patronage (spoils) system and replace it with merit system

what is the Pendleton Act

tariffs dominated politics

what was the major issue in federal politics between 1884 and 1896

Christopher Sholes

typewriter

George Pullman

sleeper railroad cars

George Westinghouse

power plants

Nikola Tesla

AC power and radio

Dupont family

dynamite/gunpowder

Edwin Drake

oil drill

George Eastman

mass produced camera

Mary Harris “Mother” Jones

advocated against child labor; march to White House with children

Homestead Riot

violence that broke out when protestors gathered in response to police brutality from the day before at the McCormick Strike; hurt support for labor unions

Ellis Island, NY

European immigrants came into American from here

Angel Island, CA

Asian immigrants came into america therenat

ivism

favor native born citizens over immigrantsme

lting pot

term to describe US about the all the cultures combining to create the American culture

Triangle Fire

fire that broke out in the shirtwaist factory and women working there were trapped unable to escape due to lack of safety measures (broken fire escape, blocked entrance, no sprinklers)