World History and Geography: Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key historical events, figures, and concepts related to African independence, Indian history, and Middle Eastern conflicts as outlined in the lecture notes.

Pan-Africanism

A movement that influenced independence movements across Africa by emphasizing the unity of African people.

1960s

The decade during which many African nations eventually won their independence.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

A specific era of the slave trade involving the transport of enslaved people across the Atlantic, differing from pre-existing African slave trade systems.

The Scramble for Africa

The period of rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers.

Berlin Conference

The meeting at which European powers determined how the African continent would be split up and colonized.

Rwandan Genocide

A mass slaughter in Rwanda resulting from long-standing ethnic and political tensions.

Apartheid

The system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that was put in place in South Africa.

Nelson Mandela

A key leader in the movement to end the Apartheid system in South Africa.

Moksha

A key spiritual concept in Indian religions representing liberation or release.

Partition

The 1947 division of the Indian subcontinent into two independent nations, India and Pakistan, which Gandhi opposed.

Narendra Modi

The current political leader of India.

Iran-Iraq War

A conflict fought between 1980 and 1988 during which the United States supported one side.

Saddam Hussein

The leader who invaded Kuwait and was eventually tried and executed.

Taliban

An Islamic fundamentalist group in Afghanistan known for its relationship with Al Qaeda.

Al Qaeda

A militant organization that maintained a relationship with the Taliban and was responsible for the 9/11 attacks.

9/11

A major terrorist attack on the United States contributed to by various geopolitical factors in the Middle East.

Arab Spring

A series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East.