Chapter 26 and 27: Spermatogenesis and Spermiogenesis
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33 Terms
What is spermatogenesis?
Overall process of generating mature sperm
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
Testes
What is the starting cell of spermatogenesis?
Spermtogonia (Spermatogonium Singular)
What type of cells are spermatogonia?
Diploid stem cells
What is the shape of spermatogonia?
Small, round cells with distinct dark nuclei
What is the first set of Spermatogenesis?
1 Spermatogonium undergoes mitosis
How many sets of chromosomes does 1 spermatogonium have?
2 sets
How many chromosomes are in each set in the spermatogoniun?
23 per set (46 total)
What does the spermatogonium become after it undergoes mitosis?
1 primary spermaceti and one stays a spermatogonium
How many sets of chromosomes are in the primary spermatocyte?
2
What happens after the spermatogonium becomes a primary spermacyte?
The primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I
What cells help fuel meiosis of the spermatocytes?
Leydig cells produce testosterone to help drive meiosis
What does the primary spermatocyte become after it undergoes Meiosis I?
It becomes 2 secondary spermatocytes
How many sets of chromosomes do secondary spermocytes have?
1 each
What happens after a primary spermatocyte becomes a secondary spermatocyte?
The secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis II
What does a secondary spermatocyte become after meiosis II?
A spermatid
How many sets of chromosomes does each spermatid have?
1 set each
How many spermatids are created?
4
What do spermatids undergo to become sperm?
Spermiogenesis
What is the final step of spermatogenesis?
Spermiogenesis
What is spermiogenesis?
Immature spermatids become mature sperm
What is another name for sperm?
Spermatozoons
How long does it take for spermatids to fully mature?
~5 weeks
What are nurse cells?
Cells that help protect spermatocytes during development
Where are nurse cells?
Inside the seminiferous tubules of testes
What is another name for Nurse Cells?
Sustentacular/Sertoli Cells
What do nurse cells create?
The blood-testis-barrier (BTB)
How does the BTB help spermatocytes?
Provides protection from the immune system
What do nurse cells produce?
Androgen binding proteins
What do androgen binding proteins in nurse cells do?
Increase testosterone
What do the Interstitial cells of Leydeg do?
Produce androgens (testosterone) essential for spermogenesis
Where are the Interstitial cells of Leydeg?
Inside of the testicular interstitium of the seminiferous tubules
What would the Interstitial cells of leydeg appearance be under a microscope?
Pink due to staining cytoplasm