D. Debates about Education and the Economy

The Department for Business Innovation and Skills suggests the role of ___ ___ is improving economic growth and ___ is widely acknowledged.

The Department for Business Innovation and Skills suggests the role of Higher Education is improving economic growth and competitiveness is widely acknowledged.

Individuals with a university degree tend to have a significantly higher ___ ___ than those without.

Individuals with a university degree tend to have a significantly higher wage rate than those without.

Graduates, on average, are paid ___% more than workers without formal ___ ___.

Graduates, on average, are paid 70-180% more than workers without formal educational qualifications.

The accumulation of graduate skills contributed on average ___ percentage points per year to average labour productivity growth between ___ and ___.

The accumulation of graduate skills contributed on average 0.1-0.7 percentage points per year to average labour productivity growth between 1994 and 2005.

The UK has a world class system of higher education and is home to ___% of the world’s ___ ___ universities.

The UK has a world class system of higher education and is home to 10% of the world’s top 100 universities.

Higher education expanded significantly between ___ and ___ and has continued to expand since ___, although the share of the workforce holding a university degree in the UK remains below that in ___, ___, ___, ___, suggesting there may still be room for further expansion.

Higher education expanded significantly between 1982 and 2005 and has continued to expand since 2005, although the share of the workforce holding a university degree in the UK remains below that in Finland, US, Japan, Canada, suggesting there may still be room for further expansion.

Between 1994 and 2005, the share of the workforce with a university education in the UK rose from ___% to ___%, or increased by ___%.

Between 1994 and 2005, the share of the workforce with a university education in the UK rose from 12% to 18.9%, or increased by 57%.

The study’s estimates suggest that this will have raised the level of productivity in the UK by ___ to ___% in the long run.

The study’s estimates suggest that this will have raised the level of productivity in the UK by 11 to 28% in the long run.

Between 1994 and 2005, average labour productivity in the UK increased about ___%, suggesting that at least ___ of this can be attributed to the accumulation of ___ ___ in the labour force.

Between 1994 and 2005, average labour productivity in the UK increased about 34%, suggesting that at least 1/3 of this can be attributed to the accumulation of graduate skills in the labour force.

Wolf argues an unquestioning faith in the economic benefits of education has brought in huge amounts of ___ ___ ___.

Wolf argues an unquestioning faith in the economic benefits of education has brought in huge amounts of wasteful government spending.

Wolf argues that employers are using education when they hire but she suggests that education may be serving as a way of ___, ___ and ___ ___ in a mass society.

Wolf argues that employers are using education when they hire but she suggests that education may be serving as a way of ranking, screening and selecting people in a mass society.

Wolf argues that ‘we ___ ___’, especially in terms of the UK now producing so many graduates.

Wolf argues that ‘we over educate’, especially in terms of the UK now producing so many graduates.