PBSI 330 - FINAL TEST

DSM-IV-TR cluster classification - Cluster A

Odd/eccentric patterns of thinking (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal)

DSM-IV-TR cluster classification - Cluster B

Impulsive/erratic patterns of behavior (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic)

DSM-IV-TR cluster classification - Cluster C

Anxious/avoidant emotional styles (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive)

DSM stands for

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual (DSM)

Borderline PD

An extreme pattern of emotional & behavioral instability

• Difficulty in emotion regulation, especially in controlling anxiety and negative thoughts about the self

• Identity disturbance

Cluster B

Treatment: Dialectical behavioral therapy

Schizotypical PD

An extreme pattern of odd beliefs and behaviors and difficulties relating to others

• Strange ideas, unconventional behavior, superstitious beliefs, difficulty in close relationships

Slightly more common in men

Little desire to connect with the social world

Similar to schizophrenia at its extreme

Narcissistic PD

An extreme pattern of arrogant, exploitative, entitled, and damaging behavior combined with a notable lack of empathy

• Belief that one is superior

• Expects and needs recognition from others

• Lack of empathy

• Difficult to treat

Avoidant PD

Fear of failure, criticism, or rejection leads to avoidance of normal activities

• Expect the absolute worst from others

• Need constant reassurance of uncritical acceptance

• Active inhibition of emotional expression

• Deep cravings for affection and social acceptance

• cluster C

Obsessive-compulsive PD

An extreme pattern of rigidly conscientiousness behavior

• Bound by rituals and rules

• Severely judgmental of others

• Lacks a sense of proportion

• Workaholism

• Inability to throw things away

• Can be ego-syntonic

**Not the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder

Antisocial PD

An extreme pattern of deceitful, manipulative, and sometimes dangerous behavior

• Illegal activities

• Impulsive and risky behaviors

• Irritable, aggressive, and irresponsible

• Problems caused to others do not bother them

Example: Ted Bundy

warning signs of Antisocial PD in children

arson, animal cruelty

Personality -

some some characteristics, in excess/deficiency, are _______

maladaptive

(not providing adequate or appropriate adjustment)

Personality and physical health is often assessed with ______ data

self-report

• Some L-data & I-data

Personality and Physical Health - “Type A” response to tobacco industry

heart disease patients exhibited hostility, jittery, overreactive, combative characteristics

Emotionality & Health - Negative Emotionality

inverse association with health

• Unclear directionality

• Likely indirect relationship: Affects behavior → leads to stress → poor health

Emotionality & Health - Positive Emotionality

optimism (:

• Complicated relationship

Emotionality & Health - Potential benefit of neuroticism

Worry → attention to health

_______ is the best personality predictor of longevity & quality of life

conscientiousness

Vocational fit

Figuring out which personalities are best suited to which jobs

ORVIS

Oregon Vocational Interest Scales (ORVIS)

• Suggests a range of career paths that may align with one’s personality

• Not a personality measure

• Correlates with Big Five traits

ORVIS dimensions

LOCAPAAE

Leadership, Organization, Altruism, Creativity, Analysis, Producing, Adventuring, and Erudition

Vocational Interests

Type of professions you are interested in

Holland RIASEC

Slightly different from, but lots of overlap with ORVIS

• Measures six career types:

  • Realistic

  • Investigative

  • Artistic

  • Social

  • Enterprising

  • Conventional

Most common vocational fit scale

Holland RIASEC

Correlations/overlap between ORVIS and RIASEC

ORVIS → RIASEC

Leadership → Enterprising

Organization → Conventional

Altruism → Social

Creativity → Artistic

Analysis → Investigative

Production → Realistic

Adventure → Realistic

Erudition → no equivalent

Correlations between vocational fit measures with Big Five personality traits

ORVIS → Big 5

Leadership → Extraversion

Organization → Conscientiousness

Altruism → Agreeableness

Creativity → Openness to experience

Analysis → Openness to experience

Production → none

Adventure → none

Erudition → Openness to experience

Organizational Citizenship Behavior

• positive behaviors beyond defined job

• positive correlations with C, A, & some O

Counterproductive Workplace Behavior

• unethical/illegal/unwise workplace behavior

• correlates with low C, low A, & high narcissism

Job Performance: What Big 5 Traits Make for a Good Worker?

• Conscientiousness =

strong positive relationship

Job Performance: What Big 5 Traits Make for a Good Worker?

• Neuroticism =

negative relationship

Job Performance: What Big 5 Traits Make for a Good Worker?

• No relationship between traits & performance:

• Agreeableness

• Extraversion

• Openness to experience

Job Satisfaction: What Traits Make You Happy at Work?

(high levels) Conscientiousness →

highest job satisfaction

Job Satisfaction: What Traits Make You Happy at Work?

Extraversion & agreeableness →

above average job satisfaction

Job Satisfaction: What Traits Make You Happy at Work?

Neuroticism →

lowest job satisfaction

Job Satisfaction: What Traits Make You Happy at Work?

Openness →

no clear relationship with job satisfaction

What Traits Do Employers Want?

CANOE

High conscientiousness and agreeableness (dependable & friendly/warm)

Low neuroticism (emotion regulation)

Extraversion & openness to experience do not matter as much

Jobs - People often engage in a wide range of ______

• _____ creation

• Excessive _____ self-presentation during a job search

faking, imagine, positive

Flow

occurs when challenges match abilities & workers become deeply engaged

What creates flow?

• supportive work environments encourage flow

• joy at work can also create a better work environment for others

Extrinsic motivation @ work

Based on external motivations ($, fear of punishment)

Intrinsic motivation @ work ⇒ predicts ______ & ______

⇒ predicts satisfaction & productivity

• True passion & joy at work

amotivation @ work

Not motivated by anything