Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

Organisms with complex cellular structures, has a nucleus, linear DNA, including membrane-bound organelles and often multicellular forms.

Cell morphologies

The various shapes and forms that eukaryotic cells can take.

Membrane-bound organelles

Organelles that are enclosed by membranes, allowing compartmentalization of cellular functions.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures that aid in locomotion, composed of bundled microtubules.

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures that cover the cell surface, similar to fimbriae in prokaryotes, aiding in movement and sensation.

Eukaryotic glycocalyx

A protective and adhesive mesh surrounding the cell, polysaccharide fiber, prevents loss of nutrients

Cell wall

A rigid structure that provides support and protection to the cell, found in plants and fungi, different compositions

Cytoplasmic membrane

A phospholipid bilayer that is selectively permeable and contains steroids for structural support.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within the cell that contains organelles and other components, cytosol

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that maintains cell shape and facilitates movement of organelles

Actin filament

A component of the cytoskeleton that provides structural support, bones

Intermediate filament

A cytoskeletal element that supports the nuclear envelope, cell-cell junctions, keratin in skin and nails

Microtubules

Tubular structures that assist in vesicle and cargo transport within the cell

Endomembrane system

A series of membranes within the cell that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

Nucleus

The organelle that stores DNA and contains chromatin for DNA protection.

nuclear pores

passages for macromolecules

Nucleolus

A structure within the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Endoplasmic reticulum

An organelle involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A type of ER covered in ribosomes, primarily involved in protein synthesis.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

An ER that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals.

Golgi apparatus

The "post office" of the cell, responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

Lysosomes

Organelles that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Vesicles

Small membrane-bound sacs that store and transport substances within the cell.

Vacuoles

Large storage organelles in plant cells that hold nutrients and waste products.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP through the breakdown of glucose, known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that contain green pigments and are involved in photosynthesis, featuring a double membrane.