BIO 108: Lymphatic - First & Second Defenses

Which of the lymphatic system:

__ - a fluid similar to plasma, but does not have plasma proteins.

Lymph

Which of the lymphatic system:

__ - network that carries lymph from peripheral tissues to the venous system.

Lymphatic vessels

Which of the lymphatic system:

Lymphoid __ and lymphoid __ are found throughout the body.

tissues, organs

Lymph system uses WBCs to __ fluid and returns it to the stream.

clean

Lymphatic & immune functions:

__ - 3 liters of interstitial fluid needs to be reabsorbed, not for exchange — just collected.

Drain excess interstitial fluid

Lymphatic & immune functions:

__ - when interstitial fluid enters system it becomes lymph.

Lymph

Lymphatic & immune functions:

__ - immune system is contained in the lymphatic system.

Carry out immune response

Transport dietary lipids is when fat is absorbed in __ and fat soluble vitamins are transported __.

GI tract, lymph system.

Lymphatic capillaries have the following characteristics EXCEPT:

All choices are characteristics.

__ are closed at one end, contain valves, one way flow capillary and back to the heart.

Lymphatic capillaries

Which part of lymphatic capillaries:

__ - are important in maintaining one way flow into lymphatic capillaries.

Endothelial cells

Anchoring filaments are used to keep lymphatic capillaries __, and to __.

open, prevents collapse.

Which part of lymphatic capillaries:

__ - special lymphatic capillaries in small intestine to carry lipids from diet.

Lacteals

Which part of lymphatic capillaries:

__ - specialized white lymph (contain fat) from lacteals.

Chyle

Which is the correct order of lymphatic flow?

Caps → Vessels → Trunks → Ducts

The lymphatic system is very __, and the lower body all drains into the __.

left sided, thoracic duct.

Innate defenses are present at __ and offers __ against a variety of pathogens.

birth, immediate protection

Innate defenses functions __ regardless of the type of invader.

the same way

Which first line of defense:

__ - provides a tough physical barrier.

Skin (Epidermis)

Which first line of defense:

__ - traps many microbes and foreign substances.

Mucous Membranes

Which first line of defense:

__ - provides tears to wash away irritants to the eyes.

Lacrimal Apparatus

Which first line of defense:

__ - reduces growth of microbes in the mouth.

Saliva

Which first line of defense:

__ - cleanses the urethra.

Urine flow

Which first line of defense:

__ - strong acidity destroys many pathogens.

Gastric juice

Which second line of defense:

Internal __ are found in blood and interstitial fluid, discourages growth of microbes.

antimicrobial proteins

Which second line of defense:

__ - prevent viruses from replicating.

Interferons

Which second line of defense:

__ - found in blood plasma and plasma membranes, when activated enhances immune reactions.

Complement System

Which second line of defense:

__ - 5-10% of lymphocytes, attack cells that display abnormal plasma membrane protein (MHC).

Natural Killer Cells

Which second line of defense:

__ - specialized cells that ingest microbes & other cellular debris.

Ex) neutrophils & macrophages

Phagocytes

Which part of phagocyte:

__ - chemically stimulated movement of phagocytes.

Chemotaxis

Which part of phagocyte:

__ - attachment phagocyte to microbe.

Adherence

Which part of phagocyte:

__ - process of engulfing the microbe.

Ingestion

Which part of phagocyte:

__ - uses digestive enzymes & strong oxidates (H₂O₂).

Digestion

Which part of phagocyte:

__ - digestion & oxidation kills microbe.

Killing

Which second line of defense:

__ - defensive response to tissue damage, and have signs of redness, pain, heat, & swelling.

Inflammation

Inflammation have the following characteristic signs EXCEPT:

All choices are characteristic signs.

Which product of inflammation:

__ - local tissue destruction in area of injury.

Necrosis

Which product of inflammation:

__ - mixture of debris and necrotic tissue.

Pus

Which product of inflammation:

__ - pus accumulated in an enclosed space.

Abscess

Which second line of defense:

__ - abnormal high body temperature that occurs because of hypothalamic thermostat reset.

Fever

Which adaptive defenses:

__ - ability to mount a specific resistance against specific antigens.

Immunity

Which adaptive defenses:

__ - ability to signal out foreign substances for destruction, also recognize self.

Specific

Which adaptive defenses:

__ - to be able to remember an antigen and kill it faster next time.

Memory

Which adaptive defenses:

__ - affects the whole body — not restricted to the area of infection.

Systemic

__ - anything that is perceived as foreign due to surface proteins.

Antigens

All are common pathways to Lymphatic tissue EXCEPT:

All choices are common pathways.

What kill other cells?

T cells

What produce plasma cells that produce antibodies?

B cells

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) are the body’s __, a protein on the surface of all __, how the body recognizes its own cells.

self antigens, cells

Which class of MHC:

__ - appear on all body cells except RBCs.

Class I MHC

Which class of MHC:

__ - appear only on activated T cells & cells of the thymus.

Class II MHC

Which class of antibodies:

__ - most abundant (80), protects against bacteria, viruses, toxins & triggers complement system, can cross placenta from M → F (immunity to newborns).

IgG

Which class of antibodies:

__ - 10-15%, found in secretions - tears, mucus, salvia, breast milk, GI — protects mucus membranes from bacteria & viruses.

IgA

Which class of antibodies:

__ - 5-10%, first secretion of plasma cells, activates complement system, are antigen receptors on B cells, anti-A & anti-B antibodies in blood plasma.

IgM

Which class of antibodies:

__ - rare, act as B cell antigen receptors, activation of B cells.

IgD

Which class of antibodies:

__ - rare, act as receptors on mast cells & basophils, involved with allergic & hypersensitivity reactions, help against parasitic worms.

IgE

Primary response takes __, and secondary response takes __.

days, hours.

Which type of immunity:

__ - antigen is recognized by T cells & B cells → memory cells for cytotoxic T cells & antibody producing plasma B cells are produced.

Naturally Acquired Active

Which type of immunity:

__ - transfer of IgG (pregnancy) or IgA (breastmilk)

Naturally Acquired Passive

Which type of immunity:

__ - introduction of weakened or dead antigens to trigger body into making cytotoxic T memory cells & antibody plasma B cells (vaccinations)

Artificially Acquired Active

Which type of immunity:

__ - injection of antibodies (serums)

Artificially Acquired Passive