BIO 200 Lab Exam 3 Muscles

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Last updated 10:08 AM on 4/19/26
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18 Terms

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<p>Cardiac Muscle</p>

Cardiac Muscle

  • Location

    • Heart only

  • Pumps blood through blood vessels

  • Associated Connective Tissue

    • Endomysium Only

  • Cell Appearance and Shape

    • Branching cells with one or two centrally located nuclei

    • Striated

    • T-Tubules

    • Intercalated Discs

<ul><li><p>Location </p><ul><li><p>Heart only</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Pumps blood through blood vessels </p></li><li><p>Associated Connective Tissue</p><ul><li><p>Endomysium Only</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Cell Appearance and Shape</p><ul><li><p>Branching cells with one or two centrally located nuclei</p></li><li><p>Striated</p></li><li><p>T-Tubules </p></li><li><p>Intercalated Discs</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>Skeletal Muscle</p>

Skeletal Muscle

  • Location

    • Generally attached to the skeleton (or to subcutaneous tissue)

  • Voluntary movement of the skeleton, skin, or other select body components

  • Associated Connective Tissue

    • Epimysium

    • Perimysium

    • Endomysium

  • Cell Appearance and Shape

    • Long, cylindrical fibers with multiple peripheral nuclei

    • Striated

    • T-Tubules

<ul><li><p>Location</p><ul><li><p>Generally attached to the skeleton (or to subcutaneous tissue)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Voluntary movement of the skeleton, skin, or other select body components </p></li><li><p>Associated Connective Tissue</p><ul><li><p>Epimysium</p></li><li><p>Perimysium</p></li><li><p>Endomysium</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Cell Appearance and Shape</p><ul><li><p>Long, cylindrical fibers with multiple peripheral nuclei</p></li><li><p>Striated</p></li><li><p>T-Tubules</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>Smooth Muscle</p>

Smooth Muscle

  • Location

    • Walls of hollow organs (ex. intestines, blood vessels)

    • In iris and ciliary body of eye, and arrector pili of the integument

  • Involuntary movement of body components

  • Associated Connective Tissue

    • Endomysium only

  • Cell Appearance and Shape

    • Overlapping, fusiform cells with a single centrally located nucleus

    • Nonstriated

    • Caveolae

<ul><li><p>Location </p><ul><li><p>Walls of hollow organs (ex. intestines, blood vessels)</p></li><li><p>In iris and ciliary body of eye, and arrector pili of the integument </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Involuntary movement of body components </p></li><li><p>Associated Connective Tissue</p><ul><li><p>Endomysium only </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Cell Appearance and Shape</p><ul><li><p>Overlapping, fusiform cells with a single centrally located nucleus </p></li><li><p>Nonstriated</p></li><li><p>Caveolae</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>Organization of Muscular System</p>

Organization of Muscular System

  • Skeletal Muscle

  • Fasicle

  • Muscle Fiber

  • Myofibril

  • Sarcomere

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<p>Epimysium</p>

Epimysium

dense irregular connective tissue wrapping whole muscle

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<p>Perimysium</p>

Perimysium

  • Dense, irregular connective tissue wrapping a fascicle

  • Houses many blood vessels and nerves

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<p>Endomysium</p>

Endomysium

  • Areolar connective tissue wrapping individual fiber

  • Delicate layer for electrical insulation, capillary support, and binding of neighboring cells

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<p>Origin</p>

Origin

the end of the muscle that is the fixed point of attachment.

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<p>Insertion</p>

Insertion

the end of the muscle that is movable.

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<p>Belly</p>

Belly

body of the muscle, located between the origin and insertion

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General Functions of Skeletal Muscle

  • Move the Body

  • Maintain Posture

  • Protect and Support

  • Regulate Elimination of Materials

  • Produce Heat

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Naming Skeletal Muscles Based on Shape

  • Deltoid

    • Triangular

  • Gracillis

    • Slender

  • Lumbrical

    • Wormlike

  • Rectus

    • Straight

  • Rhomboid

    • Diamond-Shaped

  • Teres

    • Round

  • Trapezius

    • A four-sided geometrical figure having no two sides parallel

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Naming Skeletal Muscles Based on Size

  • Bravis

    • Short

  • Latissimus

    • Broadest

  • Longissimus

    • Longest

  • Longus

    • Long

  • Major

    • Bigger

  • Minor

    • Smaller

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Naming Skeletal Muscles Based on the Number of Heads and/or Bellies

  • Biceps

    • 2 heads

  • Digastric

    • 2 bellies

  • Quadriceps

    • 4 heads

  • Triceps

    • 3 heads

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Naming Skeletal Muscles Based on Position

  • Abdominis

    • Abdomen

  • Anterior

    • On the front surface of the body

  • Brachii

    • Arm

  • Dorsi

    • Back

  • Femoris

    • Thigh

  • Infraspinatus

    • Below the scapular spine

  • Interosseous

    • In between bones

  • Oris

    • Mouth

  • Pectoralis

    • Chest

  • Posterior

    • On the back surface of the body

  • Supraspinatus

    • Above the scapular spine

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Naming Skeletal Muscles Based on Depth

  • Externus

    • External

  • Internus

    • Internal

  • Profoundus

    • Deep

  • Superficialis

    • Superficial

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Naming Skeletal Muscles Based on Action

  • Abductor

    • Moves a body part AWAY from the midline

  • Adductor

    • Moves as a body part towards the midline

  • Constrictor

    • Acts as a sphincter and closes an orifice

  • Depressor

    • Flattens or lowers a body part

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Common Architectures of Skeletal Muscles

  • Unipennate

    • one

  • Bipennate

    • Two

  • Multipennate

    • Many

  • Circular

    • circum, around

  • Convergent

    • Come together to an incline

  • Parallel

    • Alongside