Classification and Human body review

atherosclerosis

disease of the arteries, plaque build us on artery walls

factors that can affect blood flow

atherosclerosis narrows arteries, high blood pressure, high cholesterol

consequences of blocked blood flow to the heart

prevents oxygen from reaching heart, heart attacks, heart failure, chest pain

stroke

blockage or blood flow to the brain

heart attack

blockage of blood flow to heart

Artery

carries blood away from the heart

vein

carries blood towards the heart

capillaries

exchange of products

arterioles

connect arteries to capillaries

venules

connect veins to capillaries

lumen size of artery

18 mm

lumen size of vein

30 mm

lumen size of capillary

5 um

blood flow

movement of blood through a vessel, tissue/organ, flows from high to low pressure

resistance

slowing down of blood flow

blood pressure

force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

cardiac output

measurement of blood flow from the heart through ventricles

compliance

ability to expand to accommodate increased content

viscosity

thickness of fluid

coronary arteries

vital blood vessels that supply oxygen to the heart

pathogen

organisms that can cause diseases

vaccine

substances that contains live pathogens or dead pathogens given to cause the body’s immune system to respond

antibiotics

substance given to destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria in the body

immunization(vaccination)

exposure of the body to pathogens to gain immunity

antibodies

protein molecule produced by the immune system in response to a foreign substance

self antigens

protein marker in which immune system is tolerant

non self antigens

protein markers of foreign agents which can trigger an immune response

innate immunity

non specific, will recognize and general problems

adaptive immunity

specific immunity, more specialized, will produce antibodies for these antigens

natural killer T cells

kills infected cells without encountering

helper T cells

activates other immune cells

killer T cells

kills infected cells

B cells

produces antibodies

intrinsic resistance

occurs because of something internal ex: mutation

acquired resistance

pathogen somehow acquires genetic change, antibody cannot attach and prevent growth

DNA transfer

pili could exchange genetic info from bacteria to bacteria

Species

able to interbreed with each other and create fertile offspring

Genus

group of similar species

Phylogeny

the evolutionary relationship between organisms

derived traits

differentiates organisms/causes the branching at nodes