Head and Neck Exam 1

small molecule

-cillin

small molecule

-conazole (antifungal)

small molecule

-lukast (leukotriene)

small molecule

-olol (beta adrenergic antagonist)

small molecule

-pril (ACE inhibitor)

small molecule

-profen (NSAIDs)

small molecule

-terol (bronchodilators)

small molecule

-vir (antivirals)

oligonucleotides

-meran

oligonucleotides

-rsen

oligonucleotides

-siran

biologic agents

-mab

biologic agents

-cept

biologic agents

-fusp

biologic agents

-tug

biologic agents

-bart

biologic agents

-mig

biologic agents

-ment

g-protein coupled receptor

prostaglandin, opioid

ligand gated ion channel

glutaminergic, nicotinic cholinergic

ligand gated ion channel

P2X, 5-HT3, TRP, GABA, glycine

enzyme-linked receptors

receptor tyrosine kinase, receptor serine kinase

nuclear receptors

steroid receptors, non steroid receptors

ibuprofen, naproxen

block COX1 and COX2

celecoxib

block COX2 only

carbamazepine, valproic acid, divaproex sodium

NTI drugs (seizure management)

cyclosporine, everolimus, sirolimus, tacrolimus

NTI drugs (immunosuppressants after organ transplant)

levothyroxine, warfarin, lithium, digoxin, theophylline

NTI drugs (other)

bactericidal

bacteriostatic or bactericidal? penicillin, cephalosporin, metronidazole, fluoroquinolones, vancomycin, amigoglycosides

bacteriostatic

bacteriostatic or bacterocidal? tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfa, clindamycin

C dificil

poor drug absorption: vancomycin is for

type II diabetes

poor drug absorption: acarbose is for

GI ulcers

poor drug absorption: sucralfate is for

dose/concentration

distribution: Vd=?

drug stays in plasma

Vd = 4 L

drug stay in extracellular fluid

Vd = 14 L

drug stays in total body water

Vd = 40 L

drug distribute into tissues

Vd > 40L

pKa = pH + log (cation/base)

Henderson Hasselbach equation

epinephrine

local anesthetics are vasodilators so it’s combined w ? to prevent rapid diffusion away from site of injection

phentolamine

local anesthetic reversal: use ? after procedure to block alpha adrenergic receptors and promote vasodilation

methylnaltrexone

opioid antagonist for constipation that can’t get CNS bc of + charge on N

ioperamide?

naloxegol?

alvimopan?

methylnaltrexone?

alvimopan

opioid antagonist for constipation that can’t get CNS bc its a large zwittzerion

ioperamide?

naloxegol?

alvimopan?

methylnaltrexone?

naloxegol

opioid antagonist for constipation that can’t get CNS bc its large

ioperamide?

naloxegol?

alvimopan?

methylnaltrexone?

ioperamide

opioid agonist for diarrhea that can’t get CNS bc Pgp actively pumps it out

ioperamide?

naloxegol?

alvimopan?

methylnaltrexone?

-ase, -transferase

phase I enzymes, phase II enzymes

tylenol overdose → NAPQI → liver toxicity (antidote NAC within 8 hrs)

reactive metabolite

diazepam accumulation (short acting BZD preferred)

active metabolite

BAD

clarithromycin + cisapride

glomerular filtration

useful in managing aspirin/barbiturate overdose

active tubular secretion

propenecid inhibit OAT1 and OAT3 transporters in proximal tubule to prevent increase in plasma levels

block active tubular reabsorption

SGLT2 inhibitors and diuretics

biliary excretion

glucuronidase is involved in

CYP inducer

rifampin

CYP2C9 substrates

warfarin, phenytoin

CYP2D6 substrates

codeine, tramadol

CYP3A4 substrates

midazolam, estrogens, progestins, cyclosporine, tacrolimus

CYP3A4 substrate and inducer

carbamazepine

CYP3A4 inducer

St john’s wort

CYP2C9 inhibitors

metronidazole, fluconazole

CYP2D6 inhibitors

fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline

CYP3A4 inhibitors

clarithromycin, erythromycin

CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 inhibitor

fluconazole

CYP3A4 inhibitor

grapefruit juice

CYP3A4 inhibitor

ritonavir