Argentina: From Independence to the Mid-20th Century

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to Argentina's history from independence through the mid-20th century, focusing on political factions, historical figures, economic policies, and significant events.

Unitarians

Factions in Argentina wanting nationalized ports and reduced trade barriers to open trade globally.

Federalists

Factions from the interior focused on nationalizing cities, offering tariffs, and maintaining provincial autonomy.

Juan Manuel de Rosas

A dictator from Buenos Aires (1829-1852) who opposed foreign influence and was known for violence and repression.

Caudillo

A military strongman in Latin America, often with significant political power.

Battle of Caseros

A conflict resulting in Rosas's defeat and subsequent exile to England.

Infamous Decade

A period of political corruption in Argentina beginning with the coup against President Yrigoyen in 1930.

Roca-Runciman Agreement

A 1933 bilateral trade agreement between Argentina and Great Britain that significantly impacted Argentine trade.

FORJA

Fuerza de Orientación Radical de la Joven Argentina, a far-left radical youth movement formed in 1935.

Peronism

A political ideology associated with populism and nationalism, founded by Juan Perón, often critiqued as fascist.

Populism

Political approach that seeks to represent the interests of ordinary people, often characterized by a charismatic leader.

Eva Perón (Evita)

Wife of Juan Perón, key political figure who campaigned for workers and women's rights, and established a personality cult.

IAPI

Instituto Argentino de Promoción del Intercambio, a government monopoly on agricultural commodities established by Perón.

Depression Response

Argentina's economic measures during the Great Depression included public spending cuts, borrowing, and tariffs.

Descamisados

The 'shirtless ones,' a term for the supporters of Juan Perón, symbolizing the working class.

Constitutional Reform (1934)

Reforms aimed at economic independence from foreign powers, led to increased state control over the economy.

Military Coup (1930)

The overthrow of President Yrigoyen by a coalition of military officers and civilian aristocrats, marking a return to military rule.

Sáenz Peña Reform

An electoral reform in 1912 establishing universal male suffrage and secret ballots, intended to democratize Argentina.

Radical Party

Political party representing the interests of middle and lower classes in Argentina, founded to challenge the oligarchic elites.

Alfonsín Administration

The period following the end of military rule in the 1980s, focusing on human rights and economic recovery.