Biological Morphemes + Unit 10

FINAL

cognate

• Words with a common ancestor

• linguistic cousins

• Both words born from a shared language

  • English one and latin unus

  • English two and Greek δύο

  • Neither word was taken from the other; instead, they grew up parallel to each other.

derivative

Borrowings aka derivatives

• Words that one language directly took or borrowed from another language at a specific point in time.

  • paternal is a derivative because English literally borrowed it from the Latin word paternus (fatherly)

primus/a inter pares

• "first among equals"

• designating the most senior or prominent member in a group otherwise of the same rank or position

ab ovo

• "from the egg"

• from the beginning

carpe diem

• "pluck/pick the day"

• Seize the day!

caveat emptor

• "let the buyer beware"

quid pro quo

• "something for something"

• "tit for tat

PIE people writing

• left no written records

• existence is inferred from studying the languages that descended from theirs

• we have no idea what the speakers of this ancestral language called themselves

  • Or even if they had a name for themselves as speakers of a common language

PIE discovery

• 1500

• europeans to india, noticed it was similar to greek/latin

• apparent that Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit had all developed from a common ancestor, just as the Romance languages had developed from Latin.

  • they had a model of a parent language and its descendants already in mind.

• scholars think that they originated in the area that we now call Ukraine

latin and romance

• The modern Romance languages (Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, and others) developed from Latin

classical lang india

• Sanskrit, from which many North Indian languages have arisen.

cyto

cell

kary/cary

nucleus/nut

eu

good, well, true

-ote/-ota

suffix taxonomists use for a group of organisms

proto

first, rpimary

mito

thread

chondro

granule, cartilage

blast

bud, sprout

poie

to make, produce

gam

marriage, union

phyto

plant

phyllo

leaf

antho

flower

plankt

wandering, drifting

epi

upon, on top of

halo

salt

leuk

white

melano

black

chloro

green, yellowish green

cyano

dark blue

erythro

red

chryso

gold

paleo

ancient, old

neo/cene

new, recent

holo

whole, entire

meio

less, smaller

phylo

tribal, race, phylum

gen

produce, give birth to, origin

pharmaco

drug

toxico

poison

zoo

animal

phanero

visible, manifest

kerat

horn

nat

birth

-ion

chemical naming suffix

-ine

chemical substance suffix

-ite

rock, mineral suffix