ancient history final 3

What kingdoms grew during the end of the Bronze Age?

Hittites and Assyrian kingdoms

What event marked the end of internationalism in the Bronze Age?

Raids by Sea Peoples in western Asia and Egypt

What was the time period of the Zenith of Hittite Power?

1344-1180 BCE

What led to the fall of the Hittite empire?

Infighting within the royal family and civil wars

Who was the founder of the new Hittite dynasty?

Tudhaliya I

What significant treaty did Tudhaliya I establish?

Treaty with Kizzuwatna

Who overthrew and killed his brother to gain power?

Suppiluliuma I

What territories were under Hittite control?

Qadesh, Aleppo, Mukish, Niya, Nuhasse, and Amurru

Who led the anti-Hittite revolt in Isuwa?

Tushratta

What was the outcome of the battle for Qadesh in 1275 BCE?

Often called a draw, but a Hittite victory as they kept Qadesh

Who was the most successful and influential Hittite king?

Hattusili III

What was the primary agricultural product of Hittite communities?

Barley and emmer wheat

What role did women often hold in Hittite society?

Physicians and magical healers

What was the primary language used in Hittite writing?

Akkadian or Hittite (Neshite)

Who was the first king of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt?

Ramesses I

What significant construction is attributed to Ramesses II?

The Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak

What event did Merneptah face during his reign?

Invasion by Libyan tribes (Sea Peoples)

What caused the decline of the Egyptian Empire around 1140 BCE?

Loss of control over Canaan and internal corruption

What was the last king of the Hittite Empire?

Suppiluliuma II

What new language emerged after the fall of the Hittite Empire?

Luwian

What was the fate of Ugarit, Hazor, and Ashkelon in the early 12th century BCE?

They were destroyed

What was a significant consequence of the Sea Peoples' invasions?

Vassal states began to die

What was the cultural impact of the Hittite Empire's collapse?

Hittite culture persisted in small kingdoms like Carchemish

What was the primary threat to the Hittite Empire during the late Bronze Age?

Revolts from vassal states and food shortages

Who were the Assyrian rulers vassals of?

Mitanni

What significant event occurred during the 14th and 13th centuries in Assyria?

They became a power.

Who was Ashur-uballit I?

An Assyrian king who reigned from 1353 to 1318 BCE.

What did Assyria achieve under Ashur-uballit I?

Independence from Mitanni.

What conflicts did Assyria face during its expansion?

Conflicts with the Hittites.

What was the role of the king in Assyrian society?

Seen as a warrior and priest, shepherd of his people.

What were the Middle Assyrian Laws?

Legal codes and palace decrees.

What major challenges did the Assyrian empire face?

Droughts and famines.

What was the significance of Tudhaliya IV in the Hittite New Empire?

He moved the capital to Hattusa and reunited the Hittite empire.

What notable conflict did Suppiluliuma I engage in?

The First Syrian War against Mitanni.

What was the outcome of the First Syrian War?

Suppiluliuma I captured Washukanni, and Tushratta was murdered.

What was the significance of the battle at Qadesh?

It was a major battle between the Hittites and Egypt, resulting in a draw.

What is considered the world's first peace treaty?

The treaty between Hattusili III and Ramses II.

What did the Sausgamuwa Treaty Tablet signify?

It was signed by Tudhaliya IV and Sausgamuwa of Amurru.

What led to the collapse of the Late Bronze Age civilizations?

A combination of drought, famine, and invasions.

What evidence suggests the Sea Peoples were not the sole cause of the collapse?

They are seen as a symptom rather than the cause.

What did the letter from Banniya to Urtenu indicate?

Famine ravaging the city of Emar in inland Syria.

What assistance did Egypt provide to the Hittites during famine?

Sent ships of grain.

What happened to the city of Ugarit?

It was abandoned for 400 years after a siege.

What was the significance of Ramses II's reign?

He oversaw the height of Egypt's power and built monumental architecture.

What was unique about the tomb of Ramses II?

It was fit for 50 sons, but most of his sons died before him.

What was the outcome of the battle between Muwatalli II and Ramses II?

Both sides declared victory, resulting in a draw.

What did the letter from Ammurapi, the last king of Ugarit, request?

Reinforcements from the Hittite viceroy.

What catastrophic events contributed to the collapse of civilizations around 1200 BCE?

Drought, famine, and earthquakes.