Physiological Psychology Course

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from the Physiological Psychology course, focusing on the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system.

What are the two main types of neurons as classified by their function?

Sensory neurons (afferents) and motor neurons (efferents)

What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Dendrites receive messages from neighboring neurons through the synapse.

What part of the neuron contains the nucleus and most of the organelles essential for cell life?

The soma (cell body)

What is the role of the axon in a neuron?

To transmit electrical signals from the cell body to the terminal buttons.

What is a synapse?

The gap between two neurons where information is transmitted biochemically.

What do terminal buttons release into the synaptic gap?

Chemical substances known as neurotransmitters.

What type of support do astrocytes provide to neurons?

Physical support, nutrition, maintenance of extracellular fluid composition, and scarring after brain injury.

What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

It protects the brain and spinal cord, regulating substance transfer between blood and the central nervous system.

How does the axon differ from dendrites in terms of number and function?

An axon is usually one per neuron and transmits information, while dendrites are multiple and receive information.

What are the three types of glial cells mentioned in the lecture?

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.

How do Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes?

Schwann cells create myelin sheaths for single axons in the PNS, while oligodendrocytes can produce segments for multiple axons in the CNS.