DH228 Final study sets (includes all quizzes and KC)

D.Clinical

The term erythroplakia is best used in which context?

A.Microscopic

B.Laboratory

C.Surgical

D.Clinical

C.median rhomboid glossitis.

The pathologic lesion seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue is characteristic of

A.fissured tongue.

B.hairy tongue.

C.median rhomboid glossitis.

D.migratory glossitis.

A.salivary gland tissue.

A Stafne bone cyst contains

A.salivary gland tissue.

B.an empty void.

C.inflammatory cells.

D.an epithelium-lined cyst containing serous fluid.

B.diffuse.

In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually

A.well circumscribed.

B.diffuse.

C.multilocular.

D.unilocular.

A.dysphagia.

Because of its size and location, patients with a lingual thyroid may complain of

A.dysphagia.

B.gingival inflammation.

C.intraoral ulcers.

D.tooth erosion.

A.Bulla

Serous fluid can typically be found in which lesion?

A.Bulla

B.Lobule

C.Macule

D.Papule

B.depapillated.

When geographic tongue occurs on the dorsal tongue, the erythematous areas are described as

A.inflamed.

B.depapillated.

C.allergic.

D.fungal.

B.Torus palatinus

This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which condition is suspected?

A.Palatal cyst

B.Torus palatinus

C.Mixed tumor

D.Ranula

B.Amelogenesis imperfecta

Which condition is considered a genetic/inherited disorder?

A.Linea alba

B.Amelogenesis imperfecta

C.Necrotizing ulcerative

D.gingivitis

E.Internal resorption

C.Lingual varicosities

These reddish-purple clusters observed on the ventral surface of the tongue and diagnosed through clinical observation are referred to as which variants of normal conditions?

A.Palatal cyst

B.Mandibular tori

C.Lingual varicosities

D.Ranula

B.benign migratory glossitis.

Another name for geographic tongue is

A.median rhomboid glossitis.

B.benign migratory glossitis.

C.fissured tongue.

D.black hairy tongue.

D.Palatal tori are inherited.

Which statement about a palatal torus is true?

A.A palatal torus is symptomatic.

B.A palatal torus appears as a radiolucent mass on a radiograph.

C.Palatal tori are typically bilateral, seen along the lingual side of the maxilla.

D.Palatal tori are inherited.

C.Cigarette smoking

Each habit is most likely to result in frictional keratosis except one. Which is the exception?

A.Chronic cheek biting

B.Chewing on an edentulous ridge

C.Cigarette smoking

D.Tongue chewing

C.trauma to a minor duct.

The major cause of a mucocele is

A.a sialolith.

B.salivary duct obstruction.

C.trauma to a minor duct.

D.allergic reaction.

A.atrophy.

The decrease in size and function of a cell, tissue, organ or body describes

A.atrophy.

B.hypertrophy.

C.hyperemia.

D.regeneration.

A.Kinin system

Which system mediates inflammation by causing increased dilation of the blood vessels at the site of injury and increases the permeability of local blood vessels?

A.Kinin system

B.Clotting system

C.Complement system

D.Lysosomal enzymes

B.atrophy.

A decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the body is referred to as

A.emigration.

B.atrophy.

C.hyperplasia.

D.phagocytosis.

B.linea alba.

A white raised line observed on the buccal mucosa along the occlusal plane of the teeth is most likely

A.cheek biting.

B.linea alba.

C.white sponge nevus.

D.frictional keratosis.

D.Atrophy occurs in the smooth muscles of the uterus and the mammary glands in response to pregnancy.

Each statement regarding the atrophy of tissue cells is true except one. Which is the exception?

A.Atrophied cells are capable of returning to their normal size after stress is removed.

B.Atrophy can occur with changes in cellular growth, malnutrition, ischemia, or hormonal changes.

C.Atrophy can be present in the muscular wasting that occurs in some chronic diseases that do not allow for mobility.

D.Atrophy occurs in the smooth muscles of the uterus and the mammary glands in response to pregnancy.

A.Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

A tooth must be extracted if internal root resorption is present and a perforation occurs.

A.Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

B.Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.

C.The statement is correct, but the reason is not.

D.The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

E.Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

A.attrition.

The wearing away of tooth structure during mastication is termed

A.attrition.

B.erosion.

C.abrasion.

D.abfraction.

D.2 and 4

Matured fibrous tissue seen 2 weeks after an injury appears whiter or paler at the surface of the repaired injury for what two reasons?

1. Increased granulation tissue

2. Increased numbers of collagen fibers

3. Enlarged lymphocyte population

4. Decreased vascularity

A.1 and 2

B.1 and 3

C.2 and 3

D.2 and 4

A.lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is thought to result from

A.lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland.

B.a sialolith.

C.trauma to the floor of the mouth.

D.pleomorphic adenoma.

B.is caused by placing the aspirin on the tooth with the toothache, causing the surrounding mucosa to become necrotic

Aspirin burn on the oral mucosa

A.is caused by ingestion of too many aspirin tablets.

B.is caused by placing the aspirin on the tooth with the toothache, causing the surrounding mucosa to become necrotic.

C.is painless.

D.requires a biopsy for diagnosis.

B.Heat and erythema

Hyperemia is responsible for which two clinical signs of inflammation?

A.Emigration and pain

B.Heat and erythema

C.Transudation and redness

D.Swelling and chemotaxis

A.Median rhomboid glossitis

It has been suggested that Candida albicans is associated with which condition?

A.Median rhomboid glossitis

B.Linea alba

C.Leukoedema

D.Retrocuspid papillae

A.keratin.

A "white" hairy tongue indicates an increase in the amount of

A.keratin.

B.medications.

C.fluoride use.

D.HPV circulating in the blood.

B.Fordyce granules

The following lesions can be identified radiographically except one. Which one is the exception?

A.Root resorption

B.Fordyce granules

C.Interproximal dental caries

D.Compound odontom

C.Filiform

Which papillae are elongated in the condition black hairy tongue?

A.Circumvallate

B.Foliate

C.Filiform

D.Fungiform

B.pustules.

Various sizes of circumscribed elevations that contain pus are termed

A.vesicles.

B.pustules.

C.papules

D.lobules

C.melanin pigmentation.

The variant of normal coloration seen on the mandibular gingival surface is termed

A.lingual varicosities.

B.leukoedema.

C.melanin pigmentation.

D.linea alba.

B.Amelogenesis imperfecta

Each condition is considered benign and of unknown cause except one. Which one is the exception?

A.Hairy tongue

B.Amelogenesis imperfecta

C.Migratory glossitis

D.Fissured tongue

B.Nifedipine

The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which medication is the likely cause?

A.Dilantin

B.Nifedipine

C.Quinidine

D.Clozapine

C.gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids.

Retrocuspid papillae are located on the

A.palate.

B.floor of the mouth.

C.gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids.

D.canine eminence.

C.The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

Leukoedema is a generalized opalescence appearing on the buccal mucosa; linea alba is a dark pigmented line appearing on the buccal mucosa.

A.Both statements are true.

B.Both statements are false.

C.The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

D.The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

C.If tooth structure is lost around a restoration, the restoration will appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure.

Which statement is characteristic of erosion?

A.It is a pathologic wearing away of tooth structure that results from a repetitive mechanical habit.

B.It is caused by local factors such as occlusal interferences in combination with stress and tension.

C.If tooth structure is lost around a restoration, the restoration will appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure.

D.Its first clinical sign is the disappearance of mamelons on the anterior teeth and the flattening of occlusal cusps on the molar teeth.

C.The first statement is true; the second is false.

Repair of bone injury is similar to the process that takes place in fibrous connective tissue except that it involves the creation of bone tissue. The removal of osteoblast-producing tissues and excessive movement of the bone promote bone healing.

A.Both statements are true.

B.Both statements are false.

C.The first statement is true; the second is false.

D.The first statement is false; the second is true.

A.Periapical abscess

Which inflammatory periapical lesion is most painful?

A.Periapical abscess

B.Periapical granuloma

C.Radicular cyst

D.Residual cyst

B.Neutrophil

Which cell is the first to arrive at the site of injury and is the primary cell type involved in acute inflammation?

A.Macrophage

B.Neutrophil

C.Plasma cell

D.Mast cell

D.thicker blood unable to flow as normal.

An increase in blood viscosity reveals

A.blood moving quickly through the vessels.

B.decreased amounts of red blood cells.

C.increase in plasma fluid.

D.thicker blood unable to flow as normal.

C.exudate.

The fluid with a high protein content that leaves the microcirculation during the inflammatory process is termed

A.transudate.

B.margination.

C.exudate.

D.pavementing.

B.lymphadenopathy.

The enlargement of lymph nodes is termed

A.atrophy.

B.lymphadenopathy.

C.hyperplasia.

D.leukocytosis.

A.macrophage.

During the acute inflammatory process, the second type of white blood cell to emigrate from the blood vessel into the injured tissue is termed

A.macrophage.

B.neutrophil.

C.plasma cell.

D.lymphocyte.

B.attrition.

Bruxism is a form of

A.abrasion.

B.attrition.

C.erosion.

D.abfraction.

D.A white diffuse material on the buccal mucosa that can be wiped off

Which finding is not apparent in leukoedema?

A.Intracellular edema in the spinous cells

B.Acanthosis of the epithelium

C.Generalized opalescence of the buccal mucosa

D.A white diffuse material on the buccal mucosa that can be wiped off

D.Pyogenic granuloma

Which condition is not considered a variant of normal?

A.Fordyce granules

B.Leukoedema

C.Linea alba

D.Pyogenic granuloma

D.Buccal mucosa

Where is the common intraoral location for leukoedema?

A.Lateral borders of the tongue

B.Soft palate and uvula

C.Floor of the mouth

D.Buccal mucosa

C.Verruca vulgaris

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with what condition?

A.Thrush

B.Tuberculosis

C.Verruca vulgaris

D.Herpangina

A.Radiolucent

What is the radiographic appearance of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia in its earliest stage?

A.Radiolucent

B.Radiopaque

C.Radiolucent and radiopaque

D.Cotton-wool radiolucencies

B.Infancy

Studies have linked the presence of a lingual thyroid in association with the following life events except one. Which is the exception?

A.Pregnancy

B.Infancy

C.Menopause

D.Puberty

B.aspirin.

A patient comes to the office for an emergency visit complaining of a toothache in the left posterior mandible. On clinical examination you notice a gray-to-white patch on the left posterior buccal mucosa. On questioning, the patient tells you that this area is also painful. After reviewing the patient's medical history, you question the patient regarding his recent use of

A.hydrogen peroxide.

B.aspirin.

C.antibiotics.

D.mouthwash.

A.white.

Aspirin burn to the oral mucosa appears as

A.white.

B.pigmented.

C.bulbous.

D.papillary.

B.Infants and young children

Electric burns in the oral area are usually seen in which patient group?

A.Electricians

B.Infants and young children

C.Elderly

D.Individuals involved in an electrical fire

B.constriction of the microvasculature.

The first microscopic event in the inflammatory response is

A.decreased blood flow.

B.constriction of the microvasculature.

C.phagocytosis.

D.dilation of microvasculature.

C.tertiary

In cases of healing, if an infected injury is left open and the edges are not surgically joined until the infection is controlled; this process is referred to as healing by _________ intention.

A.primary

B.secondary

C.tertiary

B.is caused by placing the aspirin on the tooth with the toothache, causing the surrounding mucosa to become necrotic.

Aspirin burn on the oral mucosa

A.is caused by ingestion of too many aspirin tablets.

B.is caused by placing the aspirin on the tooth with the toothache, causing the surrounding mucosa to become necrotic.

C.is painless.

D.requires a biopsy for diagnosis.

B.external resorption.

Resorption of tooth structure from outside the tooth is termed

A.internal resorption.

B.external resorption.

C.idiopathic tooth resorption.

D.condensing osteitis.

B.margination.

A process during inflammation in which white blood cells move to the blood vessel wall is termed

A.chemotaxis.

B.margination.

C.leukocytosis.

D.transudate.

D.Erosion

Your patient presents with tooth structure that has been lost around occlusal restorations. The amalgam restorations appear raised from the surrounding demineralized tooth structure. Identify the traumatic injury to the teeth that has occurred:

A.Attrition

B.Abrasion

C.Abfraction

D.Erosion

A radiolucency that "scallops around the roots of teeth" is often used to describe which condition?

-Traumatic bone cyst

-Stafne bone cyst

-Lingual mandibular bone concavity

-Median palatine cyst

Traumatic bone cyst

The base of this lesion is correctly described as

-pedunculated.

-lobule.

-bulla.

-sessile.

Sessile

This granular, erythematous papillary surface of the palatal vault was caused by?

-poor oral hygiene.

-an ill-fitting suction area of a maxillary denture.

-the denture flange.

-soaking the denture in caustic rinses.

An ill-fitting suction area of a maxillary denture

Healing of an injury with little tissue loss, such as a surgical incision, is referred to as healing by which type of intention?

-Tertiary

-Keloid

-Secondary

-Primary

Primary

Another name for geographic tongue is?

-median rhomboid glossitis.

-benign migratory glossitis.

-fissured tongue.

-black hairy tongue.

Benign migratory glossitis

Serous exudate is composed of which material(s)?

-Tissue debris and many white blood cells

-Suppuration

-Plasma fluids and proteins with a few white blood cells

-Plasma fluids and red blood cells

Plasma fluids and proteins with a few white blood cells

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is thought to result from?

-lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland.

-a sialolith.

-trauma to the floor of the mouth.

-pleomorphic adenoma.

lack of blood supply to the affected salivary gland

Retrocuspid papillae are located on the?

-palate.

-floor of the mouth.

-gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids.

-canine eminence.

gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular cuspids

The major cause of a mucocele is?

-a sialolith.

-salivary duct obstruction.

-trauma to a minor duct.

-allergic reaction.

trauma to a minor duct

Each condition is considered a variant of normal except one. Which is the exception?

-Melanin pigmentation

-Linea alba

-Geographic tongue

-Retrocuspid papilla

Geographic tongue

A Stafne bone cyst contains?

-salivary gland tissue.

-an empty void.

-inflammatory cells.

-an epithelium-lined cyst containing serous fluid.

salivary gland tissue

The enlargement of lymph nodes is termed?

-atrophy.

-lymphadenopathy.

-hyperplasia.

-leukocytosis.

Lymphadenopathy

A wedge-shaped defect at the cervical area of a tooth, the cause of which is related to microfracture of the tooth structure in areas of concentration of stress, is termed?

-attrition.

-erosion.

-abrasion.

-abfraction.

Abfraction

All statements are true concerning the neutrophil except that the neutrophil is?

-the first cell at the site of injury.

-the primary cell in acute inflammation.

-the primary cell in chronic inflammation.

-a phagocyte.

the primary cell in chronic inflammation

The following lesions can be identified radiographically except one. Which one is the exception?

-Root resorption

-Fordyce granules

-Interproximal dental caries

-Compound odontoma

Fordyce granules

This lesion on the palate is typically associated with heavy pipe and cigar smoking and is termed?

-tobacco pouch keratosis.

-necrotizing sialometaplasia.

-nicotine stomatitis.

-frictional keratosis

Nicotine stomatitis

A lesion with a sessile base is described as?

-an ulcer.

-stemlike.

-pedunculated.

-flat and broad.

Flat and broad

Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?

-Bulla

-Vesicle

-Lobule

-Pustule

Lobule

A white lesion that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical characteristics alone is termed?

-leukoplakia.

-dentinogenesis imperfecta.

-erythroplakia.

-squamous cell carcinoma.

Leukoplakia

Hyperemia is responsible for which two clinical signs of inflammation?

-Emigration and pain

-Heat and erythema

-Transudation and redness

-Swelling and chemotaxis

Heat and erythema

Each statement regarding the atrophy of tissue cells is true except one. Which is the exception?

-Atrophied cells are capable of returning to their normal size after stress is removed.

-Atrophy can occur with changes in cellular growth, malnutrition, ischemia, or hormonal changes.

-Atrophy can be present in the muscular wasting that occurs in some chronic diseases that do not allow for mobility.

-Atrophy occurs in the smooth muscles of the uterus and the mammary glands in response to pregnancy.

Atrophy occurs in the smooth muscles of the uterus and the mammary glands in response to pregnancy.

An elevated serum alkaline phosphate level, significant in the diagnosis of Paget disease, is determined from which diagnostic category?

-Laboratory

-Therapeutic

-Clinical

-Surgical

Laboratory

A decrease in the size and function of a cell, a tissue, an organ, or the body is referred to as?

-emigration.

-atrophy.

-hyperplasia.

-phagocytosis.

Atrophy

While obtaining diagnostic information from a patient, the dental hygienist learns that the appearance of this patient's teeth is familial. The correct diagnosis is?

-tetracycline staining.

-pulpal dysplasia.

-extrinsic staining.

-dentinogenesis imperfecta.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

Which symptom is not a classic local sign of inflammation?

-Redness

-Swelling

-Leukocytosis

-Loss of normal tissue function

Leukocytosis

Wickham striae is a term used to describe the oral mucosal lesions of

A.linea alba.

B.frictional keratosis.

C.lichen planus.

D.erythema multiforme.

C.lichen planus.

Sjögren syndrome is a(n)

A.autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands.

B.allergic reaction.

C.form of aphthous ulcers.

D.type of Langerhans cell disease.

A.autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands.

The breakdown of cellular adhesion between epithelial cells is termed

A.cell-mediated immunity.

B.acantholysis.

C.Nikolsky sign.

D.anaphylaxis.

B.acantholysis.

A condition thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions. The skin lesions are referred to as target, iris, or bull’s eye lesions. The lip and mucosal lesions are more extensive and painful and often appear bloody and crusted. The intraoral lesions are extensive superficial ulcerations. The onset is explosive. On the basis of these clinical features, what condition is suspected?

A.Erythema multiforme

B.Fixed drug reaction

C.Behçet syndrome

D.Angioedema

A.Erythema multiforme

In which type of immune response do B-lymphocytes and antibodies play the predominant role?

A.Cell-mediated immunity

B.Immune complex

C.Humoral immunity

D.Passive immunity

C.Humoral immunity

Persons with Behçet syndrome suffer from the following symptoms except one. Which is the exception?

A.Nikolsky sign

B.Oral ulcers

C.Ocular inflammation

D.Genital lesions

A.Nikolsky sign

Primary Sjögren syndrome occurs when

A.another autoimmune disease accompanies salivary and lacrimal gland involvement.

B.only salivary and lacrimal gland involvement occurs without the presence of another autoimmune disease.

C.rheumatoid arthritis is present.

D.Raynaud phenomenon is present.

B.only salivary and lacrimal gland involvement occurs without the presence of another autoimmune disease.

This patient presents with an intraepithelial bulla from breakdown of the cellular adhesion between epithelial cells. The bulla rupture, resulting in a painful itching ulcer. The correct diagnosis for this progressive autoimmune disease is

A.pemphigus vulgaris.

B.Reiter syndrome.

C.aphthous ulcers.

D.Langerhans cell disease.

A.pemphigus vulgaris.

The diagnosis of Behçet syndrome requires which considerations?

A.Two of the three principal manifestations

B.The presence of all three manifestations

C.A biopsy

D.A history of pemphigus vulgaris

A.Two of the three principal manifestations

The immune response differs from the inflammatory response because it has the capacity for memory and responds more quickly to a foreign substance if encountered again.

A.Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

B.Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.

C.The statement is correct but the reason is not.

D.Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

A.Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Pemphigus vulgaris differs histologically from cicatricial pemphigoid in that pemphigus vulgaris involves

A.degeneration of the epithelium.

B.connective tissue fragmentation.

C.significant numbers of inflammatory cells.

D.scarring.

A.degeneration of the epithelium.

The classic appearance of what condition shown below is a pattern of interconnecting slender lines referred to as Wickham striae?

A.Lichen planus

B.Linea alba

C.Erythema multiforme

D.Reiter syndrome

A.Lichen planus

Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is made on the basis of

A.skin lesions.

B.multiorgan involvement and the presence of antinuclear antibodies in the serum.

C.arthritis and arthralgia.

D.shortness of breath.

B.multiorgan involvement and the presence of antinuclear antibodies in the serum.

Skin lesions, called target or bull's eye lesions, are characteristic of persons with erythema multiforme. If the oral cavity is also involved, which conditions are typically seen?

A.Gingival inflammation

B.Periodontal disease

C.Oral ulcers on the tongue and lips

D.Xerostomia

C.Oral ulcers on the tongue and lips

The diagnosis of lichen planus is made on the basis of

A.clinical and radiographic appearance.

B.clinical and histologic appearance.

C.history of the condition.

D.therapeutic medication.

B.clinical and histologic appearance.

What is the most common precipitating factor in the development of aphthous ulcers?

A.Allergy

B.Trauma

C.Systemic disease

D.Citrus foods

B.Trauma