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The external occipital protuberance is often referred to as the:

Inion

In the adult skull, the immovable articulation between the parietal and temporal bones is called the:

Squamosal suture

The most posterior paranasal sinus is the:

Sphenoid sinus

The small, U-shaped hyoid bone situated below the floor of the mouth aids in the act of:

• phonation

• Swallowing

The superior and middle nasal conchae that serve to increase the surface area of the nasal cavities are found on the:

Ethmoid bone

The hard, dense bony process of the temporal bone that houses the structures of the middle and inner ear is called the:

Petrous pyramid

The roof of the mouth (hard palate) is formed by the inferior surfaces of the:

Maxillary and palatine

The condyles for the articulation with the first cervical vertebra are located on the inferior surface of the:

Malar bone

The large foramen that passes through the occipital bone, which allows for the passage of the spinal cord and brain stem into the calvaria, is called the:

Foramen magnum

The nasal cavities have a continuous membrane with a series of cavities within the cranial bones called the:

Paranasal sinuses

The surface areas of the nasal cavities are divided into two more or less equal sides by a bony separation called the:

Nasal septum

The rounded articulating condyles of the mandible that help form the temporomandibular joint are called the:

Condyloid process

In the lateral projection of the mandible, the condyloid process is:

Posterior to the coronoid process

The mastoid air cells are located posterior to the ear within a large, bony prominence of the:

Temporal bone

The maxillary sinus is often referred to as the:

Antrum of highmore

The majority of the lateral orbital wall and the cheek is formed by the:

Zygoma bone

The localizing point that is found between the eyebrows over the frontal bone is called the:

Glabella

The floor of the cranial vault is formed by which of the following bone(s)?

• Occipital 

• Frontal

• Ethmoid

• Temporal 

• Sphenoid

Which of the following structures are located on the sphenoid bone?

• optic foramen

• Clinoid processes

• Sella turcica

The large prominent ridges on the anterior surface of the frontal bone (superciliary ridges) are closely related to the surface structure termed the:

Eyebrows

The pterygoid processes that form part of the posterior nasal cavity are the inferior extensions of the:

Sphenoid bone

The lacrimal canal is a bone groove through the lacrimal bone that serves to connect the:

Nasal and orbital cavities

The most superior paranasal sinus is the

Frontal sinus

The majority of the upper portion of the nasal septum is formed by the:

Perpendicular plate of the Ethmoid bone

The sphenoid sinus is located anterior and inferior to what other structure of the sphenoid bone?

Sella turcica

The zygomatic arch is formed by portions of the:

Zygomatic & temporal bones

The thick, spongy ridge of bone for the reception of the roots of the teeth is termed the:

Alveolar process

Which of the following bones form any portion of the of the lateral cranial wall?

• Occipital bone

• Sphenoid bone

• Frontal bone

• Temporal bone

• Parietal bone

What are the two L-shaped bones that form part of the posterior hard palate and nasal septum known as?

Palatine bones

The adult cranial vault or calvaria that houses the brain is formed by all or part of ________________cranial bones.

8

The long, sliver-like processes that extend inferiorly from each temporal bone, serving for the attachment of the muscles of speech, are called:

Styloid processes

The meninges, the membranes that help to protect the brain, have an attachment on a small triangular process of the ethmoid bone called the:

Crista galli

Which of the following bones form any portion of the nasal cavity or nasal septum?

• Vomer bone

• Palatine bones

• Ethmoid bone (Perpendicular Plate)

• Nasal bones

• Maxillary bone

• Inferior nasal conchae

The widest transverse measurement of the skull is found between the two:

Parietal bones

Which of the following cranial bones contain a paranasal sinus?

• Frontal bone

• Sphenoid bone

• Ethmoid Bone

The surface landmark associated with the anterior nasal spine at the junction of the upper lip and nose is called the:

Acanthion

The majority of the middle cranial fossa are formed by the body of the:

Temporal bone

The greatest number of cranial foramina are located on the:

Sphenoid bone

The majority of the sides and tope of the cranial vault are formed by a pair of bones called the:

Parietal bones

The sagittal suture is located between the:

Two parietal bones

In the adult skull, the immovable articulation between the parietal and occipital bones is called the:

Lambdoidal suture

Extending posteriorly from the tuberculum sella are two bony processes that help in the formation of the lesser wing of the sphenoid. What are these two processes called?

Anterior clinoid processes

In the adult, the junction between the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures is known as the:

Lambda

The junction of the nasal bones and the frontal bone corresponds to a surface landmark called the:

Nasion

The lateral border of the eyelids meets at a point termed the:

Outer canthus

Nerves, arteries, and veins pass in and out of the floor of the cranium by way of the:

Basal foramina

The flattened, horizontal portion of the superior aspect of the ethmoid bone is called the:

Cribriform plate

The average measurement of a skull from the vertex to the submental area is:

22 cm

The radiographic line that extends from the anterior nasal spine to the external auditory meatus (EAM) is known as:

Acanthiomeatal line

An image of the cranium (cranial base) is to be obtained in the submentovertical position. The central ray should be directed to enter:

Through the Sella turcica - perpendicular to the IOML

An image is obtained in the AP Axial (Towne) projection. With the patient supine, the head is adjusted to place the OML perpendicular to the IR. If the CR is directed through the foramen magnum at a caudad angulation of 30 degrees, which of the following structures will be demonstrated

• Occipital bone

• Posterior clinoid processes

• Dorsum sella

In the PA projection of the cranium for a general survey examination, the orbitomeatal line is perpendicular and the CR is directed at a:

Perpendicular to exit the skull at the nasion

A radiographic image is obtained with the patient in the prone position. The head is adjusted so the acanthiomeatal line is perpendicular to the IR. The head is rotated so the MSP forms an angle of 37 degrees from the perpendicular and the CR is directed vertically to exit the orbit. This parieto-orbital oblique projection is taken to evaluate the:

Optic foramen (Rhese Method)

The CR for an image of the nasal bones in the lateral projection should be directed perpendicular to the IR at a point:

2 cm distal to the glabella

The radiographic line that passes from the outer canthus of the eye to the external auditory meatus (EAM) is described as the?

Orbitomeatal line

When an image of the skull is obtained in the lateral projection, which of the following is adjusted so that it is parallel to the plane of the IR?

MSP

The patient is supine with the IOML parallel to the plane of the IR. The patient's vertex rests on the tabletop. The CR enters vertically at a coronal plane 2 cm anterior to the EAM. This describes a:

Submentovertical projection

An image obtained in the parietoacanthial (Water's method) is useful for the evaluation of the:

Orbits and facial bones

The projection that will best demonstrate all of the paranasal sinuses on a single image is the:

Lateral

An image of the skull is obtained to determine the presence of effusion in the sphenoid sinus. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate this condition?

Cross table lateral

In order to obtain an AP Axial projection (Reverse Caldwell Method) for the cranium on an infant or young child, the head is adjusted so the OML is perpendicular to the IR. In order to project the petrous ridges into the lower 1/3 of the orbits, the CR should be directed at a:

10-degree cephalic angle

It is recommended that images of the paranasal sinuses be taken upright in order to demonstrate the existence of:

Fluid levels

An image of the facial bones is obtained in the parietoacanthial (Water's) projection. The CR is directed perpendicular to the IR to exit at the acanthion. In this projection, the OML in the average adult will form an angle of _________________ with the plane of the IR. 

37 degrees

The most superior portion of the skull is referred to as:

Vertex

An image of the facial bones is obtained in the acanthioparietal (reverse Water's) projection. With the patient supine, the head is adjusted so the MML is perpendicular to the IR. The CR should be directed:

Perpendicular to the IR

An image is obtained in the PA axial projection. The patient's head is adjusted so that the OML and MSP are perpendicular to the plane of the IR. The CR is directed 20-25 degrees caudal to pass through the mid orbits.  This projection is used to demonstrate:

Supraorbital fissures

The line extending from the smooth prominence between the superciliary arches to the external auditory meatus is called the:

Glabellomeatal line

The radiographic line that passes from the inferior border of the orbits to the auricular point is called the:

Infraorbitomeatal line

In order to obtain an AP Axial (Towne) projection on an infant or young child and the OML is perpendicular, the CR should be directed through the foramen magnum at a caudal angulation of:

25 degrees to enter 6 cm above the glabella

The usual difference between the orbitomeatal line and the glabellomeatal line is about:

8 degrees

The radiographic line that bisects the pupils of the eye is termed the:

Interpupillary line

A series of images of the paranasal sinuses are to be obtained for preoperative measurements. It is normally recommended that these projections be taken at a:

180 cm

An image of the frontal bone is obtained in the PA projection. With the patient prone, the CR is directed perpendicular to exit at the:

Nasion

Which of the following lines will be perpendicular to the IR for an image of the cranium in the lateral projection?

Interpupillary line

An image obtained in the submentovertical (Schuller Method) projection, is employed for the evaluation of which of the following?

• petrosae

• mastoid processes

• foramina ovale and spinosum

• carotid canals

• sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses (with technique adjustment)

• mandible

• bone nasal septum

• dens of the axis

• occipital bone

• zygomatic arches (with technique adjustment)

An image of the cranium on an adult is obtained in the AP axial projection (Reverse Caldwell Method) with the OML perpendicular to the IR. The location of the petrous ridges in the lower 1/3 of the orbits is most consistent with a CR that is directed at a:

Cephalic angulation of 15 degrees

What does the AP Axial (Towne Method) Projection of the Skull or Facial Bones demonstrate?

• Zygomatic Arches

• Dorsum Sella

• Foramen Magnum

• Pars Petrosa

• Occipital bone

Which of the following projections of the facial bones would be most helpful in diagnosing a "blowout" fracture of the floor of the orbit?

Parietoacanthial (Modified Water's) projection

An image of the occipital region is obtained in the PA Axial (Haas) projection. This projection is often employed to provide a comparable image to one taken in the:

AP Axial (Towne) projection

When performing an image of the facial bones in the parietoacanthial (Water's Method) projection, the failure to extend the chin sufficiently will result in the:

Petrous ridges obscuring the maxillary sinuses