Cell Structure and Organisation

A set of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to cell structure and organization for GCE 'O' Level Biology.

What is the Cell

The basic building block of all living organisms.

What is a Protoplasm

A mass of living matter in a cell, made up of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

What is a Cell Membrane

A protective outer covering that surrounds the cytoplasm, made of lipids and proteins; it is partially permeable.

What is a Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, made of cellulose; fully permeable and provides shape and protection.

What is a Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance found within cells, where cellular activities occur and organelles are located.

What is a Nucleus

The control center of the cell, responsible for regulating cell activities and containing genetic material.

What is a Ribosomes

Small structures responsible for protein synthesis; can be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm.

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An extensive network of membranes involved in the transport and synthesis of proteins (Rough ER) and fats (Smooth ER).

what is a Golgi Apparatus

A cell organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use in the cell.

What is a Mitochondria

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, where aerobic respiration occurs to release energy.

What is a Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis.

What is a Vacuoles

Fluid-filled sacs within cells used for storage; plant cells typically have one large central vacuole, while animal cells have many small vacuoles.

Define Differentiation

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific function.

What is a Haemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body.

Adaptation

The adjustments or changes in structure or function in organisms that enable them to better survive in their environment.