1116 USI Final (missing the test Gags will give us on 6/3)

launching

to start something or put something into motion

What is the cabinet?

a group of advisors that help the president do his job better

Which Early American leader was President Washington's Secretary of State in the first cabinet?

Thomas Jefferson

Which Early American leader was President Washington's Secretary of Treasury in the first cabinet?

Alexander Hamilton

Which Early American leader was President Washington's Secretary of Defense in the first cabinet?

Henry Knox

Which Early American leader was President Washington's Attorney General in the first cabinet?

Edmund Randolph

What is the job of the Secretary of Defense?

handling the military affairs of the U.S.

What is the job of the Secretary of State?

handling the foreign affairs of the U.S.

What is the job of the Secretary of Treasury?

handling the financial affairs of the U.S.

What is the job of Attorney General?

handling the legal affairs of the U.S.

What "launching moment" established the basic structure of the U.S. court system?

Judiciary Act of 1789

How did the national (federal) government handle the Whiskey Rebellion?

President Washington and Hamilton led an army to stop the rebellion to demonstrate the willingness and ability of the national govt. to enforce laws

What was the difference between the Federalists view on the power of the federal (national) govt, and the Democratic Republican view on the power of the federal (national) govt?

Federalists believed in having a stronger federal govt. while the Democratic-Republicans believed in a federal govt. that was weaker with more limited power

Neutrality Proclamation

a policy developed by President Washington to keep the U.S. from taking sides on European issues and affairs

Jay's Treaty

an agreement reached between the U.S. and Britain that removed British troops from forts in the Northwest Territory, avoiding war between the nations

Pincky's Treaty

an agreement reached between the U.S. and Spain that gave U.S. tradeships access to the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans

Treaty of Greenville

an agreement reached with the Miami Native American nation that increased U.S. control of the Northwest Territory

XYZ Affair

low-level French diplomats insult the U.S. by asking for bribes from American diplomats

Alien and Sedition Acts

laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress attempting to damage the Democratic-Republican party

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

written arguments that express the belief that the states should be able to reject the federal govt. laws

How are the XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions "launching moments" for the U.S.

they indicated that U.S. political parties would establish strong rivalries with each other and tension would grow between national govt. power and state govt. power

How are the Neutrality Proclamation, Jay's Treaty, Pincky's Treaty, and the Treaty of Greenville "launching moments" for the U.S.

they established the ways the U.S. went about dealing foreign affairs issues in its early years

Which of the following was NOT a foreign affairs problem for the US during its early years?:

A. the French Revolution

B. the U.S. not on being firm footing when dealing with stronger nations

C. disputes with Native Americans

D. arguments with political parties involving the actions of European nations

E. the executive branch not having enough help to carry out its duties

E. the executive branch not having enough help to carry out its duties

How is the XYZ Affair a launching moment for the U.S.?

it indicated that U.S. political parties would establish strong rivalries with each other

What was the importance of Washington's first precedents as the first president?

future presidents would follow the examples that Washington set in many different ways

Why was the Election of 1800 a "launching moment"?

would show that power in the U.S. could be peacefully transferred from one political party to another

Why was the 12th Amendment a "launching moment"?

would help prevent confusion in future presidential elections

Why was the Louisiana Purchase a "launching moment"?

would lead to the U.S. expanding westward to the Pacific Ocean

Why was Marbury v. Madison (1803) a "launching moment"?

would allow the U.S. Supreme Court to gain the power of judicial review

Why was Jeffersonian Democracy a "launching moment"?

would show that the power of the federal govt. could be reduced and still be able to function

What is a warhawk?

an individual usually from a southern or western state who wanted the U.S. to declare war on Britain

What an embargo?

a trade ban against another nation

Who was Tecumseh?

a Native American leader who fought against the U.S. over land rights on the western frontier

Who was Andrew Jackson?

the individual who led the U.S. to victory at the Battle of New Orleans

What is an impressment?

the seizing of U.S. trade ships and drafting the sailors into the British navy

What were the names of the two leaders of the expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase territory with the help of their guide, Sacajawea?

Lewis and Clark

Which of the following was an impact of the Louisiana Purchase?:

A. doubled the size of the U.S.

B. knowledge of western North America and the Natives of that area

C. gave the U.S. a claim to western lands beyond Louisiana

D. eliminate more European influence out of North America and off U.S. borders

E. all of the above

E. all of the above

What important port city did the Louisiana Purchase aquire for the U.S.?

New Orleans

What was the Industrial Revolution?

the change from the production of goods by hand to the production of goods by machiene

What is Nationalism?

the belief that the interests of one's own nation should be put ahead of the interests of any individual section/region of the nation

What was Jacksonian Democracy?

the ending of land ownership as a voting requirement that gave common people more power and say in the governing of the U.S.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

the warning that the U.S. gave to European nations not to set up any new colonies in North America

How did the Industrial Revolution help lead to western expansion of the U.S.

the need for transportation and communication advancements to sell products made it easier for Americans to expand westward

How did Nationalism help lead to westward expansion?

U.S. govt. leaders looked to unify the U.S. with the goal of acquiring more western territory

How did Jacksonian Democracy help lead to westward expansion?

encouraged common people to settle western territory knowing that they would continue to have a voice in the U.S. govt.

What was a harmful effect of the Industrial Revolution and Nationalism on the U.S.?

it divided northern and southern states even more over the issue of slavery

What was the harmful effect of Jacksonian Democracy on the U.S.?

it led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their native lands

Which industry was the first to be affected by the Industrial Revolution?

textiles (cloth)

Who was the U.S. president who created the foundation for future U.S. westward expansion?

James Monroe

Who was the U.S. president who won the election (1828) and reelection (1832) as more and more common people gained the right to vote?

Andrew Jackson

Who was the former U.S. president who was concerned with how slavery would continue to affect the U.S. in the future? (we read his quote in class)

Thomas Jefferson

Which groups of people were left out of the expansion of voting rights during the 1820s and 1830s?

1. free black Americans

2. enslaved black Americans

3. women

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

an agreement that temporarily prevented northern states and southern states from possibly splitting apart over the issue of slavery and maintained the balance of power in the U.S. Senate

What was the Indian Removal Act (1830)?

a law passed that gave the U.S. government the power to make treaties to force Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River

What was the Trail of Tears (1838)?

the name for the forced march that Native American groups endured that caused significant death and hardship

What were the transportation advancements that developed during the Industrial Revolution?

1. railroads

2. roads

3. canals

What was a communication advancement that developed during the Industrial Revolution?

telegraph

What was President Monroe's main contribution to westward expansion?

he set the U.S. up for future westward expansion through his achievements

How does Ch. 7 material connect to U.S. westward expansion?

established the foundation for U.S. westward expansion

Which of the following statements is accurate about U.S. westward expansion?:

A. it happened in diff locations

B. it happened at diff times

C. it happened in diff ways or through diff methods

D. it often happened for similar reasons

E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which area of expansion was annexed by the U.S. after being an independent nation for almost ten years?

Texas

What was the first area of westward expansion for the U.S.?

Northwest Territory Plus

What was the area acquired by the U.S. after agreeing to split control of it with Britain? (Westward Expansion)

Oregon

What was the area acquired from France that doubled the size of the U.S.? (Westward Expansion)

The Louisiana Purchase

What was the area acquired from Spain? (Westward Expansion)

Florida

What was a common reason why the U.S. kept acquiring each area of expansion?

to eliminate European influence from North America

What does Manifest Destiny mean?

the U.S. had a clear and God-given right to become one continuous nation from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans

Why did Americans believe in the idea of Manifest Destiny?

the U.S. had been expanding steadily westward since the end of the American Revolution, creating a pattern of expansion that was easy to observe

"Manifest Destiny was ____________"

more of a perception about westward expansion rather than an actual reason for Americans moving west

What does manifest mean?

clear and obvious

What does destiny mean?

sure to happen and often involving God's will

What does perception mean?

the viewpoint you have about why an event took place

What was "Oregon Fever"?

a term used to describe the excitement many Americans began to feel about traveling to Oregon Territory

What is the correct order of events that took place after the Market Revolution?

1. Market Revolution

2. Entrepreneurial Investment

3. Inventions

4. Westward Expansion

How is the Market Revolution connected to U.S. westward expansion?

it is one of the foundational pieces of westward expansion

What was entrepreneurial investment?

"start up" money for new business ideas

Why is the material of Ch. 9 important to the study of U.S. westward expansion?

Ch. 9 mainly discusses the actual locations where U.S. westward expansion occurred

How many areas of U.S. westward expansion did we study?

6

"The Mexican Cession was __________"

the territory acquired (included California) by the U.S. from Mexico after the Mexican War

What was the Market Revolution?

the change from producing goods for personal use to producing goods for income and buying the goods you need

What is cede?

to give up

What is annex?

to add on

What is a Tejano?

a Mexican settler in Texas

What is an Anglo?

an American settler in Texas

Who was Sam Houston?

considered the "George Washington" of Texas

Who was Santa Ana?

leader of Mexico during the Texas revolution and the Mexican War

Who was Stephen F. Austin?

founder of the first American colony in Texas

Who was Juan Seguin?

leader of the Tejanos in Texas during the Texas Revolution

How did President Polk "pick a fight" with Mexico?

he sent U.S. troops to the Rio Grande River, knowing that Mexico viewed the U.S./Mexican border 100 miles north (at the Nueces River)

Why did President Polk "pick a fight" with Mexico?

Mexico refused to meet with U.S. officials to discuss selling California

Why did some Americans oppose the Mexican War?

1. they were concerned about how westward expansion could create conflict over slavery

2. they believed it was a war of choice for land and not necessary to fight

What was the issue during the 1850s that led to the Civil War?

slavery

What are the 4 general experiences that all American slaves were found to have shared?

a life of work, want, fear, and hope

Which of the following was an agreement reached to bring California into the Union as a free state?

Compromise of 1850

What does secede/secession mean?

to withdraw/break away

What is an abolitionist?

a person who believes in completely ending all slavery

Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

an abolitionist who believed in the immediate end of slavery with no compromise

Who was Frederick Douglass?

an abolitionist who was an escaped slave and powerful public speaker

Who was Harriet Tubman?

an abolitionist who was a famous "conductor on the Underground Railroad

Who was David Walker?

an abolitionist who believed that slaves should fight for their own freedom