Ch 5: Cell Biology of Bacteria and Eukaryotes

prokaryote

one circular chromosome not in a membrane

some linear, some circular

prokaryote

no histones

histone

proteins that help organize DNA within the cell nucleus

eukaryote

polysaccharide cell walls (when cell wall present)

prokaryote

peptidoglycan (murein) cell walls when present

archaea

pseudomurein cell wall

prokaryote

blank divides by binary fission

eukaryote

linear chromosome in nucleus

eukaryote

whiplike flagella for motility with microtubule contraction driven by ATP

prokaryote

rotary flagella for motility driven by proton motive force

cell membrane

how is the cytoplasm contained in bacteria?

peptidoglycan cell wall

outside the membrane the bacteria cell body is enclosed by

outside cell wall they have an outer membrane

what is different about the structure of gram negative bacteria cells?

cell membrane, cell wall and outer membrane

cell envelope

system of looped chromosome coils

what is the nucleoid?

inner membrane

where is ATP synthase located in bacterial cells?

space between inner and outer membrane

inner → periplasm → cell wall → outer

what is periplasm?

part of the outer membrane of gram negative bacterial cells

what is lipopolysaccharide?

selective permeability

allows passage of some molecules but not others

movement of water from area of high water to low water

what is osmosis?

bursts

if cell is placed in environment with LOWER solute concentration

shrinks

if cell is placed in environment with HIGHER solute concentration

group translocation

requires a transporter protein and substance is altered as it crosses the membrane

glycan chains linked with short peptides

what is peptidoglycan (murein) composed of?

thick peptidoglycan and teichoic acids

what is the gram positive cell wall composed of?

porins that form channels

what is within the gram negative outer membrane?