HOMEOSTASIS AND DISEASES

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Flashcard 1
Q: What is homeostasis?
A: The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body.

Flashcard 2
Q: Why is homeostasis important?
A: It keeps conditions stable so cells can function properly.

Flashcard 3
Q: What are the three parts of a homeostatic response?
A: Receptor, control centre, and effector.

Flashcard 4
Q: What is a receptor?
A: A structure that detects changes in the internal or external environment.

Flashcard 5
Q: What is a control centre?
A: The part of the body that processes information and decides how to respond.

Flashcard 6
Q: What is an effector?
A: A muscle, gland, or organ that carries out a response.

Flashcard 7
Q: What is negative feedback?
A: A process that reverses a change and returns conditions to normal.

Flashcard 8
Q: What is the normal human body temperature?
A: About 37°C.

Flashcard 9
Q: How does the body cool down when it gets too hot?
A: Sweating and vasodilation (widening of blood vessels).

Flashcard 10
Q: How does the body warm up when it gets too cold?
A: Shivering and vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels).

Flashcard 11
Q: Which organ controls body temperature?
A: The brain (hypothalamus).

Flashcard 12
Q: What is glucose?
A: A type of sugar that provides energy for cells.

Flashcard 13
Q: Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A: Insulin.

Flashcard 14
Q: Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?
A: Glucagon.

Flashcard 15
Q: Which organ produces insulin and glucagon?
A: The pancreas.

Diseases and Pathogens

Flashcard 16
Q: What is a disease?
A: A condition that affects the normal functioning of the body.

Flashcard 17
Q: What is an infectious disease?
A: A disease caused by a pathogen that can spread between organisms.

Flashcard 18
Q: What is a non-infectious disease?
A: A disease that is not caused by pathogens and cannot spread between people.

Flashcard 19
Q: What is a pathogen?
A: A microorganism that causes disease.

Flashcard 20
Q: Name the four main types of pathogens.
A: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Flashcard 21
Q: What are bacteria?
A: Single-celled living organisms; some cause disease.

Flashcard 22
Q: What are viruses?
A: Tiny infectious particles that reproduce inside living cells.

Flashcard 23
Q: Give an example of a bacterial disease.
A: Tuberculosis.

Flashcard 24
Q: Give an example of a viral disease.
A: COVID-19.

Flashcard 25
Q: Give an example of a fungal disease.
A: Athlete's Foot.

Flashcard 26
Q: Give an example of a protozoan disease.
A: Malaria.

Immune System

Flashcard 27
Q: What is the immune system?
A: The body's defence system against pathogens.

Flashcard 28
Q: What is the first line of defence against pathogens?
A: Skin, mucus, tears, and stomach acid.

Flashcard 29
Q: What do white blood cells do?
A: They destroy pathogens and produce antibodies.

Flashcard 30
Q: What are antibodies?
A: Proteins that target and help destroy specific pathogens.

Flashcard 31
Q: What is a vaccine?
A: A substance that trains the immune system to recognise and fight a pathogen.

Flashcard 32
Q: How do vaccines help prevent disease?
A: They stimulate the production of antibodies and immune memory cells.

Homeostasis and Disease

Flashcard 33
Q: How does diabetes affect homeostasis?
A: It disrupts the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Flashcard 34
Q: What is a fever?
A: An increase in body temperature, often caused by infection.

Flashcard 35
Q: Why can a fever help fight disease?
A: Higher temperatures can make it harder for some pathogens to survive.

Flashcard 36
Q: Give two examples of non-infectious diseases.
A: Type 2 Diabetes and Asthma.

These 36 flashcards cover the main Year 9 homeostasis and disease topics and are suitable for test revision.