BIO 101 Exam Review Materials

Flashcards covering key definitions and concepts from the BIO 101 exam review materials.

Locus

The location on a chromosome where a particular gene is located.

Dominant phenotype

The phenotype that appears in an organism whenever the corresponding dominant allele is present.

Blending theory of inheritance

An old theory that said offspring show traits intermediate between those of the parents.

X-linked gene

A gene located on the X chromosome.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a specific gene (e.g., Tt).

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a specific gene (e.g., TT or tt).

Punnett square

A diagram used to predict the genotypes of a genetic cross.

Epistasis

A gene interaction in which a pair of recessive genes at one locus prevents expression of a dominant allele at another locus.

Karyotype

A visual representation of the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

Nondisjunction

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

Testcross

A genetic cross between an individual exhibiting the dominant phenotype and an individual with a known recessive genotype.

Polygenic inheritance

A type of inheritance in which multiple genes affect a single trait.

Chromosome

A thread-like structure made of DNA and protein that contains genetic information.

Phenotype

The physical appearance or observable traits of an organism.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, comprising all the alleles present.