US History 2nd semester exam review

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy; allied with Hitler.

Adolf Hitler

Nazi leader of Germany during WWII.

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during WWII.

Hideki Tojo

Prime Minister of Japan; Ordered Pearl Harbor attack.

Neville Chamberlain

Used appeasement with Hitler; Prime Minister of Great Britain beginning of WWII

Winston Churchill

Inspired Britain during the war; Prime Minister of Great Britain during most of WWII

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the USSR during WWII.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Led U.S. through most of WWII; US President

Harry S. Truman

Ordered atomic bombs on Japan; US President

Heinrich Himmler

SS leader; Ran concentration camps and Holocaust operations.

Joseph Goebbels

Controlled Nazi propaganda.

Hermann Göring

Commander of the Luftwaffe (airforce).

Erwin Rommel

“Desert Fox” tank commander.

Isoroku Yamamoto

Planned Pearl Harbor attack; Japanese Navy commander.

Bernard Montgomery

British; Defeated Rommel in North Africa.

Georgy Zhukov

Led Soviet victories against Germany.

George C. Marshall

Organized U.S. military buildup.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

American; Led D Day invasion

Douglas MacArthur

American; Led Pacific island hopping

George S. Patton

American; Aggressive tank commander in Europe.

Ernie Pyle

Reporter famous for stories about soldiers.

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of women working in wartime factories.

Nazi Party

Hitler’s political party.

Mein Kampf

Hitler’s book explaining Nazi beliefs.

Hitler Youth

Nazi youth organization.

Auschwitz

Major Nazi death camp.

Rape of Nanking

Japanese massacre in China.

Munich Agreement

Britain and France appeased Hitler.

Kristallnacht

Violent attacks on Jews in Germany.

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

Germany and USSR agreed not to fight.

Invasion of Poland

Start of WWII.

Dunkirk evacuation

Allied troops rescued from France.

Battle of Britain

Britain stopped German air attacks.

Lend-Lease Act -

U.S. supplied Allies with war materials.

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japan attacked U.S.; U.S. entered WWII.

Manhattan Project

Secret project to build atomic bomb.

Japanese American internment

Japanese Americans placed in camps.

Bataan Death March

Japan’s brutal forced march of POWs.

Battle of Midway

Major U.S. victory in the Pacific.

Battle of Stalingrad

Turning point against Germany.

Battle of Guadalcanal

Start of Allied island

V-1 flying bomb -

German “buzz bomb.”

V-2 rocket -

First long-range guided missile.

D- Day

Allied invasion of Normandy.

Battle of the Bulge

Germany’s last major offensive.

Kamikaze

Suicide attacks by Japanese pilots.

Battle of Iwo Jima

Bloody Pacific battle; famous flag raising.

Yalta Conference

Allied leaders discussed postwar Europe.

Holocaust

Nazi genocide of 6 million Jews.

V-E Day -

Victory in Europe.

Atomic bombing of Hiroshima

First atomic bomb used in war; dropped by US.

Atomic bombing of Nagasaki

Second atomic bomb attack; dropped by US.

V-J Day -

Japan surrendered; WWII ended.

Nuremberg Trials

Nazi leaders tried for war crimes.

Alger Hiss

Accused of being a Soviet spy.

Julius Rosenberg & Ethel Rosenberg

Executed for passing atomic secrets.

Joseph McCarthy

Led anti-communist investigations.

Benjamin Spock

Influential parenting expert; wrote a book about parenting

Betty Friedan

Wrote The Feminine Mystique; feminist

Jackie Robinson

First Black MLB player.

Thurgood Marshall

Won Brown v. Board case; First black Supreme Court Judge

Martin Luther King Jr.

Led nonviolent civil rights movement; gave I have a Dream speech.

Communism

Government controls the economy and society.

Cold War

Tense rivalry between U.S. and Soviet Union.

Containment

Stop the spread of communism; let it be where it is now.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. aid to Europe to fight communism.

Marshall Plan

U.S. rebuilt Europe after WWII.

Berlin Blockade

USSR blocked West Berlin.

Berlin Airlift

Allies flew supplies into Berlin.

NATO

Alliance against Soviet aggression.

Iron Curtain

Division between communist East and democratic West.

Korean War

War between North and South Korea.

Domino Theory

Fear communism would spread country to country; one by one.

Israel

Jewish state created in 1948.

HUAC

Investigated suspected communists without evidence.

Hollywood Ten

Refused HUAC questioning.

McCarthyism

Accusing people of communism without proof.

Baby Boom

Huge rise in births after WWII.

GI Bill

Helped veterans with college and homes.

Interstate Highway Act

Built national highway system.

Sputnik

First satellite; started Space Race.

Brown v. Board of Education

Ended school segregation.

John F. Kennedy

President during the early 1960s.

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet leader during Cuban Missile Crisis.

Richard Nixon

Lost to JFK in 1960; elected in 1968.

Barry Goldwater

Conservative Republican candidate in 1964.

Lyndon B. Johnson

Expanded Great Society programs.

Lee Harvey Oswald

Accused assassin of JFK.

Yuri Gagarin

First human in space.

Alan Shepard

First American in space.

John Glenn

First American to orbit Earth.

Fidel Castro

Communist dictator of Cuba.

Neil Armstrong

First person on the moon.

1960 United States presidential election

JFK defeated Nixon.

Limited Test Ban Treaty

Banned above

Camelot

Nickname for JFK’s presidency.

1964 United States presidential election

LBJ defeated Goldwater in a landslide.

New Frontier

JFK’s domestic agenda.

Great Society

LBJ’s reform programs.

NASA

Led U.S. space program.