CRJU 302 Policing 1 (chap 1)

Old English System of Policing

The system whereby citizens enforced laws in the community prior to formal policing in England.

Frankpledge System

A law enforcement system developed in 1066 in England where males above age 12 formed groups called 'tithings'.

Tithing

A group formed under the Frankpledge System consisting of men from a neighborhood who engaged in law enforcement duties.

Sheriff

An officer appointed by the king in mid-1000s England to maintain order, adapting from 'shire reeve'.

Posse Comitatus

The practice of deputizing common citizens to assist the sheriff.

Constable

The first police official with responsibilities greater than protecting local neighbors, tracing back to Anglo-Saxon England.

Coroner

An elected official responsible for overseeing criminal and financial interests, determining causes of death.

Justice of the Peace

A local magistrate responsible for civil and criminal cases, with origins tracing back to late 1100s England.

Political Era of Policing

The first era of American policing from the 1840s to 1930s focused on patronage and local political influence.

Reform Era of Policing

The era from 1930s to 1980s that aimed to professionalize policing and remove political influences.

Community Era of Policing

The era starting in the 1980s focused on cooperation between police and community members to solve issues.

Peel’s Principles of Policing

A set of guidelines proposed by Sir Robert Peel highlighting the importance of public cooperation in policing.

Modus Operandi (M.O.)

The method of operating used by criminals, identified as a key concept in professional police investigations.

August Vollmer

A police reformer known for promoting professionalism and scientific approaches in policing.

O.W. Wilson

A police chief and reformer who emphasized the 'crime fighter' image of police in the 1930s.

Wickersham Commission

The first study of criminal justice in 1929 advocating for police reform and better working conditions.

Community Policing

A policing strategy that emphasizes problem-solving and community engagement to enhance public safety.

Cultural Diversity in Policing

Recognizing and adapting policing strategies to meet the needs of a diverse community.

Civil Service Systems

Systems created to professionalize police departments and reduce political influence in hiring.

Salem Witch Trials

A series of hearings and prosecutions in the 1600s that exemplified extreme societal reactions to perceived crime.

The Quaker Challenge of Puritan Values

A major cultural conflict in colonial America, highlighting differing societal norms and responses to behavior.