Astronomy unit 3 - EM Spectrum and light

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Last updated 3:52 PM on 12/15/22
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27 Terms

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The Electromagnetic Spectrum let us
discover regions beyond the visible universe
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What is same for all electromagnetic waves?
speed due to the vacuum of space
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Atmospheric windows are made of
visible, radio, UV, and Infrared rays
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Interactions of Radiation & Matter
• Reflection, refraction, transmission, scattering, absorption, emission
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Thermal Radiation
The Kelvin Temperature Scale & Radiation (Laws Planck equations Wien's Law Stefan-Boltzmann Law)
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Waves can
transfer energy and information from one place to another
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Period
time between passage of successive crests
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Mechanical waves
water waves, sound waves, and so on, must travel in a medium
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EM waves are created by
accelerating charged particles
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The wave nature of radiation:
radiation can diffract and interfere, which are purely wave phenomena
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Who tested "The wave nature of radiation"
Young's double slit experiment
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William Herschel (1800)
Infrared & Ultraviolet
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Heinrich Hertz (1887-8)
radio waves
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Wilhelm Roentgen (1895)
x-rays
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Ernest Rutherford (1900)
gamma (γ) rays
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Cleeton & Williams (1933)
microwaves
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order of EM spectrum
R M I V U X G
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Space astronomy began with
Sputnik I in 1957 (all regions)
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All thermal motion (in Kelvin) ceases at
0K
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Water freezes at
273 K
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Water boils at
373 K
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Thermal (Blackbody) Radiation
radiation emitted by an object depending only on its temperature
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Wien's Law:
Peak wavelength is inversely proportional to temperature
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Radiation Laws
Total energy emitted is proportional to fourth power of temperature (note intensity-the area under the curves)
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The Doppler Effect definition
If one is moving toward a source of radiation, the wavelengths seem shorter; if moving away, they seem longer
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Doppler effect depends...
only on the relative motion of source and observer
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Doppler effect can be used to
determine speeds of rotation, stellar and galactic motions, detect extrasolar planets and more (or radial motion)