Plant Pathology 123 Final

 Describe how global trade and climate change contributed to outbreaks of coffee rust

SPREAD

Acronym: SPREAD

• Spread via global trade

• Plant monoculture

• Reduced genetic diversity

• Environment (warm, wet climate)

• Amplified by climate change

• Disease expansion geographically

Identify common themes and insights into the origins of plant disease outbreaks

TRADE

Acronym: TRADE

• Transport (global movement)

• Reduced diversity (monoculture)

• Alien introduction (non-native pathogens)

• Disease triangle (host-pathogen-environment)

• Environmental suitability

3. Identify viable strategies for minimizing pathogen/pests' negative impacts

 DR. SIMP

Acronym: DR. SIMP

• Diversity (intercropping)

• Resistant crops

• Surveillance (monitoring)

• IPM (integrated pest management)

• Minimize chemicals

• Preventive practices

How do we use microbes in food? Give specific examples

 FYB-C

Acronym: FYB-C

• Fermentation (coffee)

• Yogurt (bacteria)

• Bread (yeast)

• Cheese (bacteria)

Describe the microbial domestication process from wild to most controlled. Give examples

WISC

Acronym: WISC

• Wild fermentation

• Influenced by humans

• Selected strains

• Controlled pure cultures

Describe the steps of fermentation for one product (bread) and organisms involved

YEG-R

Acronym: YEG-R

• Yeast added

• Eats sugars

• Gas (CO₂) produced

• Rise of dough

How does microbial diversity impact crop yields and why?

N-SPAR

Acronym: N-SPAR

• Nutrient cycling

• Soil structure

• Pathogen suppression

• Availability of nutrients

• Resilience

How do ecosystem alterations by humans disrupt microbial communities and their functions?

 D-CAMP

Acronym: D-CAMP

• Deforestation

• Chemicals

• Agriculture (industrial)

• Monoculture

• Poor soil health

Why do we need microbes for ecosystem recover and conservation? Give an example.

RAIN

Acronym: RAIN

• Recycle nutrients

• Assist plant growth (symbiosis)

• Increase soil fertility

• Nitrogen fixation

10. Articulate what is causing climate change

 FAMED

Acronym: FAMED

• Fossil fuels

• Agriculture

• Methane/N₂O

• Emissions increase

• Deforestation