Biomechanics of Locomotion

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the biomechanics and physiology of forward and backward locomotion, providing essential information for understanding their implications in sports, rehabilitation, and training.

What are the main biomechanical differences between forward and backward locomotion?

Forward locomotion involves ankle dorsiflexion at touchdown, knee loading through eccentric contractions, and greater hip extension, while backward locomotion has ankle plantarflexion at touchdown, concentric muscle contractions, and greater hip flexion.

How does backward locomotion influence muscle activation compared to forward locomotion?

Backward locomotion primarily utilizes greater concentric and isometric contractions, especially in vastus lateralis, while it reduces the activity of hamstrings and glutes, and involves more tibialis anterior.

What are the cardiorespiratory demands during backward locomotion compared to forward locomotion?

Backward walking and running require 10 bpm higher heart rate and oxygen consumption than forward walking/running at matched speeds.

Why is backward locomotion a viable option for individuals with knee injuries?

It involves less eccentric loading on the knee joint, consequently reducing mechanical tension and preventing overstretching of the ACL.

What benefits does backward running provide to athletes?

Improves fitness, quickness, balance, proprioception, muscle strength, and restores posture.

What is metabolic transition speed?

It is the speed at which a person spontaneously transitions from walking to running, ideally minimizing metabolic energy consumption.

What did the study by Terblanche et al. (2005) conclude about backward locomotion training?

It can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition parameters in young women.

How does backward training affect athletes' agility, according to Terblanche et al. (2009)?

Backward training improved agility in netball players but showed no significant change in speed and power.

What key factors influence spontaneous transition speed in locomotion?

Biomechanical factors, previous experience, limb length, and perceived exertion influence transition speeds.

How does backward locomotion training aid in knee rehabilitation according to Terblanche & Brink (2010)?

It improves aerobic fitness, leg strength, dynamic balance, and flexibility in rehabilitation programs.