Enzymology, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Biology Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards based on lecture notes covering laboratory biology topics including enzymatic reactions, photosynthesis reagents, tonicity, gametogenesis, and molecular biology tools.

Catechol oxidase

The enzyme used in the transcript's enzymatic reaction.

Catechol

The substrate that reacts with catechol oxidase.

Benzoquione

The product formed from the reaction between catechol oxidase and catechol.

$Rf$ constant

A value calculated by the formula: $\frac{\text{distance pigment traveled}}{\text{distance solvent front traveled}}$.

DCPIP

A reagent that turns colorless when reduced, indicating electron transport during photosynthesis.

Phenol Red

A reagent that turns yellow when acidic to show $CO_2$ levels.

Plasmolysis

The phenomenon where the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall due to water loss, occurring in a hypertonic solution.

Hypertonic

A state where there is a high solute concentration outside the cell and low concentration inside, causing cells to shrink as water moves out.

Isotonic

A state where solute concentrations are equal across the board, resulting in a normal cell shape with no change.

Hypotonic

A state where there is a low solute concentration outside the cell and high concentration inside, causing cells to swell as water moves in.

Oogenesis

The formation of eggs, which produces $1$ functional egg and $3$ nonfunctional polar bodies.

Diploid (Oogenesis)

Stages that include the Oogonium and the Primary oocyte.

Haploid (Oogenesis)

Stages that include the Secondary oocyte, ovum, and polar bodies.

Spermatogenesis

The formation of sperm, resulting in the production of $4$ sperm cells.

Diploid (Spermatogenesis)

Stages that include the Spermatogonium and the Primary spermatocyte.

Haploid (Spermatogenesis)

Stages that include secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm.

Prophase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes are pulled apart.

Telophase

The stage of mitosis where two nuclei form.

Independent Assortment

A genetic process that occurs during Metaphase I of Meiosis.

Allele Separation

The process where alleles separate into their gametes during Anaphase I of Meiosis.

Amp+

A notation indicating that the antibiotic ampicillin is present on a bacterial petri dish.

P+

A notation indicating that the bacteria contain a plasmid.

Pedigree Square

The symbol used to represent a male in a pedigree chart.

Pedigree Circle

The symbol used to represent a female in a pedigree chart.

Shaded Pedigree Symbol

Indicates an affected individual on a pedigree chart.

p20

A micropipette designed to measure volumes between $2-20\,\mu L$.

p200

A micropipette designed to measure volumes between $20-200\,\mu L$.

p1000

A micropipette designed to measure volumes between $100-1000\,\mu L$.