disease, deviance, disibility

techniques for diagnosis in early modern

observation, urine inspection, patient narrative

what was the primary explanation for disease in the premodern period

humoral system

the emergence of what in the premodern period created a medical marketplace

guilds

what did the emergence of guilds in the premodern period do

created a medical marketplace

what did the creation of a medical marketplace through the emergence of guilds in the premodern period do

competition between practitioners to keep and retain clients

what was a guild in the premodern period

organisation of practitioners

what were the four humours

blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile

under humour theory what were men

hot and dry

under humour theory, what were women

cold and wet

example of prolonging of life if leading perfect diet and lifestyle in Pre modern period

Old Tom, died at 152, farmer from Shropshire

how many medical texts by 1700

1 for every 4 families

there was 1 medical text for every 4 families by what year

1700

who suggested that bleeding and purding was too harmful, proposing drugs to purchase instead

paracelsus

what did paracelsus suggest, when, what did he propose instead

bleedinf and purging was too harmful, 16c, drugs to purchase

who corrects the four humours system

jon baptist van helmont

what does jon baptist van helmont emphasise in the cause of illness, eg

external factors, eg poison

letter from who in 17th century demonstrates impact of emotions on women’s health, result of gods will

Anne Dormer

Quote from anne dormer’s 17c letter to demonstrate role of emotion

'perfect health and sound sleep could not be more welcome to me than to hear thy self, my kind brother and all with thee are safe’

who noted the shift in care from bedside to lab medicine in 18th and 19th c

jewson

quote from jewson about shift from bedside to lab care

‘the dissapearance of the sick man'

when was anne dormer’s letter to her sister

17c

what does ‘the dissappearance of the sick man’ refer to

patient narrative becoming less important

who made up the medical marketplace in pre modern period

physicians, barber surgeons, apothecaries, midwives, other healers

term for the moment in which individuals meet for a health related reason in early modern

medical encounter

painting that demonstrates how public the early modern sick room was

Johann phillipp haid

what does johann philiip haid painting depict

many doting family members sat around the ill persons bed

eg. link between health amd fear of hell in early modern

mary warren, a looking glass for children

marry warren, a looking glass for children quote

‘my pains are nothing to the pains of hell, where they will never be an end’

what did melancholy in early modern period refer to

consternation when you believe you are not destined to go to heaven

early modern men more likely to blame ill health on, eg

external factors, eg financial ruin

early modern women more likely to blame ill health on, eg

social factors, eg negative relations

example of early modern man blaming ill health (his kidney stones) on external factors

samuel pepys’ diary

quote from samuel pepys’ diary

‘i think it was sitting with my back to the fire’

when was the birth of scientific method

the enlightenment

the enlightenment saw what ?

birth of science

foucault call the emergence of a medical gaze, an objective recognition of disease what?

‘birth of the clinic’

‘birth of the clinic’ who, what does it mean

foucault, enlightenment emergence of a medical gaze

problems of experimentation in enlightenment (social class)

not wanting to risk dangerous research on one of their own, not wanting to use a poor person because of lack of reliability

when was the age of pills and potions, quacks

renaissance

blend of new and old eg in enlightenment

advertisements in newspapers of miraculous cures including addresses to assess credibility

continuation of religion in medicine through enlightenment

corpulency, onanism

what is corpulency

obesity

what is onanism

masturbation

link between corpulency and religion in enlightenment, name, book, reason link to religion

george cheyne, the english malady, overindulgence

how did renaissance colonial travel create new medicine

new plants, indigenous knowledge

name of physician active in jamaica renaissance

hans sloane

who was hans sloane

physician active in jamaica during enslavement

hans sloane quote demonstrating ingenuity of enslaves people

‘they climb the tree and pull off the twigs’

childbrith in the early modern period, greatly influenced by …

social class

early modern domestic servants often pregnant by their… without the …

masters, domestic family support structures

name of woman who paid to deliver anonymously to avoid people finding out her children were illigitemate (eg of impact of social class)

anne gerard

what were women who attended early modern births called

gossips

problems with fertility seen as…. in early modern

divine punishment

why did midwives books include babies all streched out in the womb

the maternal imagination

what did the maternal imagination explain

birth marks, disability, monstrous births, racial difference

eg list showing standards of the aristocracy in early modern births, eg item on the list

peregrina chaytor, silver salts

man midwives increased in prevelance from …

1720

man midwives established stereotyps for female midwives

ignorant, drunken, careless, murderers

female midwives established stereotypes for man midwives

overly interventionst, instruments, financially motivated, lacking compassion