Circulatory System

Which type of blood vessel has thick walls in order to withstand high pressure?
vein
artery
arteriole
capillary

B

Use the following characteristics to answer the question:
• one-way valves
• thin elastic layer
• near skeletal muscle
These characteristics describe which type of vessel?
vein
artery
arteriole
capillary

A

Blood vessels that allow diffusion of gases through their thin walls are the
arteries
venules
arterioles
capillaries

D

The main function of capillaries is to
return blood to the heart
prevent the backflow of blood
take blood away from the heart
exchange nutrients and wastes with tissues

D

Which of the following blood vessels has a thin elastic layer?
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Posterior vena cava
Mesenteric capillary

C

Capillary beds are equipped with sphincter muscles in order to
prevent the backflow of blood
expand and recoil with each heart beat
divert blood toward areas of increased metabolic activity
hold blood in the beds until nutrient and waste exchange is complete

C

Which of the following best describes a vein?
Thin-walled, elastic, and equipped with valves
Thick-walled, elastic, and equipped with valves
Thin-walled, muscular, and supplied with nerves
Thick-walled, muscular, and supplied with nerves

A

The function of an artery is to
transport blood toward the heart
transport blood away from the heart
connect the right and left atria directly
carry carbon dioxide to the tissue cells

B

A blood vessel that transports blood out of a capillary bed is a(n)
vein
artery
venule
arteriole

C

The most muscular chamber of the heart is the
left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle

C

Based on its function, the heart is often referred to as a “double pump”. Which of the following would explain this?
The heart has two sets of valves
The heart is controlled by both nerves and hormones
The heart moves blood through two circulatory pathways
The heart moves blood containing both nutrients and wastes

C

The structures attached to the atrioventricular valves are called
atria
pulmonary veins
semilunar valves
chordae tendineae

D

The main function of the valves in the heart is to
prevent back-flow of blood
divide the heart into four chambers
control the volume of blood leaving the heart
control the volume of blood entering the heart

A

Blood leaves the right ventricle via the
aorta
pulmonary trunk
coronary arteries
anterior vena cava

B

An irregular heartbeat where contraction of the atria does not always result in contraction of the ventricles likely indicates a problem with the
SA node
AV node
AV valve
semi-lunar valve

B

A condition called tachycardia exists when a person’s heart rate is abnormally high. Which of the following explains how tachycardia may arise?
The Purkinje fibres are over-stimulating the pacemaker
The sinoatrial (SA) node is receiving increased stimulation
There is increased stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system
Impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node are not reaching the atrioventricular (AV) node

B

The atrioventricular (AV) node stimulates the
aorta
Purkinje fibers
sinoatrial (SA) node
atrioventricular valves

B

The coordinating structure responsible for an intrinsic heartbeat is the
cerebellum
sinoatrial node
chordae tendineae
sympathetic nervous system

B

What happens during atrial diastole?
Atria fill with blood
Semi-lunar valves close
Ventricles fill with blood
Atrioventricular valves open

A

Use the following information to answer the question:

1. Systole of the ventricles

2. Opening of the atrio-ventricular valves

3. Electrical impulse sent from the SA node

4. Atria fill with blood
   The order in which the events above occur during one heartbeat (the cardiac cycle) is
   2, 1, 3, 4
   2, 3, 4, 1
   4, 1, 3, 2
   4, 3, 2, 1

D

The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the head are the
iliac arteries and veins
subclavian arteries and veins
carotid arteries and jugular veins
anterior (superior) and posterior (inferior) vena cavae

C

The path followed by blood on one circuit through the heart is
ventricle, atrioventricular valve, semilunar valve, atrium
atrium, atrioventricular valve, ventricle, semilunar valve
atrium, ventricle, atrioventricular valve, semilunar valve
atrium, semilunar valve, ventricle, atrioventricular valve

B

Which of the following is a characteristic of pulmonary circulation?
Blood leaves the heart via the aorta
Blood in the arteries is deoxygenated
Blood in the veins is travelling to the lungs
Blood in capillaries absorbs high levels of carbon dioxide

B

The blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart is the
coronary vein
coronary artery
pulmonary vein
pulmonary artery

C

Blood leaves the liver by way of the
iliac vein
renal vein
hepatic vein
hepatic portal vein

C

Blood with a high oxygen concentration can be found in both the
renal artery and the pulmonary artery
umbilical vein and the pulmonary vein
pulmonary vein and the umbilical artery
pulmonary artery and the umbilical artery

B

Which of the following is a characteristic of systemic circulation?
Highly oxygenated arterial blood
Highly oxygenated venous blood
Increased blood pressure in the veins
Decreased blood pressure in the arteries

A

A red blood cell leaves the aorta, makes a circuit through the body and arrives back in the capillaries of the alveoli. The correct sequence of organs through which the cell may have travelled is
lungs, heart, small intestine, liver
small intestine, heart, liver, lungs
liver, lungs, small intestine, heart
small intestine, liver, heart, lungs

D

Which of the following would describe the path of the blood in the pulmonary circuit?

A. Right ventricle  pulmonary trunk  pulmonary vein left atrium.

B. Left ventricle  pulmonary vein  pulmonary trunk  right atrium.

C. Right ventricle  pulmonary vein  pulmonary artery left atrium.

D. Right atrium  pulmonary trunk  aorta  vena cava  right atrium.

A

The correct path of blood from the heart to the head and back to the heart again is
right ventricle, vena cava, carotid artery, jugular vein, left atrium
left ventricle, aorta, jugular vein, vena cava, carotid artery, right atrium
left ventricle, aorta, carotid artery, jugular vein, vena cava, right atrium
right atrium, carotid artery, aorta, jugular vein, vena cava, left ventricle

C

The artery that provides oxygen and nutrients to heart tissue is the
carotid
systemic
coronary
pulmonary

C

In which of the following vessels would blood contain the highest concentration of carbon dioxide?
Aorta
Carotid artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery

D

Which of the following is a characteristic of systemic circulation?
Highly oxygenated arterial blood
Increased blood pressure in the veins
Low carbon dioxide concentration in the veins
Increased concentration of reduced hemoglobin (HHb) in the arterial blood

A

A red blood cell is located in an artery in your right arm. How many capillary beds must this cell pass through before it is returned to the left ventricle?
one
two
three
four

B

An increase in which of the following would cause hypotension?
heart rate
cardiac output
arteriole dilation
reabsorption of water by the kidneys

C

Hypertension would be indicated by a blood pressure reading of
100 / 80
120 / 50
120 / 80
150 / 110

D

Which of the following is normal resting systolic blood pressure for an adult?
50 mm Hg
80 mm Hg
120 mm Hg
180 mm Hg

C

Blood pressure will be at its highest when
atria relaxes
atria contracts
ventricles relax
ventricles contract

D

The highest blood pressure in the aorta occurs when the
atria contract
heart muscle is relaxed
blood is pushed to the ventricle
blood is pumped from the heart

D

The highest blood pressure in the aorta occurs when the
atria contract
heart muscle is relaxed
blood is pushed to the ventricle
blood is pumped from the heart

D

Capillary beds are equipped with sphincter muscles in order to
prevent the backflow of blood
expand and recoil with each heart beat
divert blood toward areas of increased metabolic activity
hold blood in the beds until nutrient and waste exchange is complete

C

The function of the nodes in the lymphatic system is to
filter debris
produce platelets for clotting
break down worn-out red blood cells
help maintain a constant blood pressure

A

Blood capillaries and lymph capillaries both
filter bacteria
have one-way valves
contain red blood cells
have walls which are one-cell thick

D

Lymph enters the circulatory system at the
jugular vein
umbilical vein
subclavian vein
pulmonary vein

C

Which of the following is not found in the lymphatic system?
Veins
Nodes
Arteries
Capillaries

C

Which of the following would occur as a result of the oval opening in the heart remaining open after birth?
Blood pressure in the lungs would increase
Impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node would stop
Blood in the right atrium would mix with blood in the left atrium
A greater amount of blood would flow into the pulmonary system

C

Which of the following structures in fetal circulation functions to deliver blood, which is high in waste, to the placenta?
Venous duct
Umbilical vein
Pulmonary veins
Umbilical arteries

D

Which of the following structures in fetal circulation functions to deliver blood, which is high in waste, to the placenta?
Venous duct
Umbilical vein
Pulmonary veins
Umbilical arteries

D

How do the oxygen and nutrient levels in the adult vena cava compare to those levels in the fetal vena cava?
The fetal oxygen and nutrient levels are higher
The adult oxygen and nutrient levels are higher
The fetal nutrient levels are higher, while the oxygen levels are lower
The adult nutrient levels are higher, while the oxygen levels are lower

A

The function of the cardiac sphincter is to prevent backflow of acid chyme from the
esophagus to the mouth
stomach to the esophagus
duodenum to the stomach
colon to the small intestine

B

The sequence of structures through which the nerve impulse passes to cause contraction of the heart is
AV node – SA node – Purkinje fibres
Purkinje fibres – AV node – SA node
Purkinje fibres – SA node – AV node
SA node – AV node – Purkinje fibres

D

Thick walls, elastic tissue and smooth muscle are characteristics of
veins
arteries
arterioles
capillaries

B

Blockages in which of the following blood vessels reduces blood flow to the heart muscle?
Aorta
Carotid artery
Coronary artery
Pulmonary artery

C

A blood vessel which has numerous valves is a(n)
vein
artery
arteriole
capillary

A

High blood pressure can be the result of
decreased blood volume
increased sodium absorption
decreased aldosterone release
increased opening of capillary beds

B

Which of the following blood vessels provides nutrients to the heart tissue?
Aorta
Carotid artery
Coronary artery
Inferior vena cava

C

The SA node (pacemaker) of the heart is located in the wall of the
left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle

B