NES Subtest 1: History

Monarchy

single family holds power and it is inherited

dictatorship

one person takes absolute power

representative democracy

citizens elect representatives to make laws

communism

a single group/political party runs a country

where were the principals of democracy born

Athens, Greece

popular sovereignty

places people at the center of power

Republic

a government that allows for majority rule while protecting the rights of the minority

what government system does the USA run under

constitutional federal republic

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments

1st amendment

freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

3rd amendment

protection from housing soldiers

4th amendment

limits government ability to detain/search without proper clause

5th amendment

protection from double jeopardy and self incrimination

6th amendment

rules to ensure due process

• speedy trial, public trial, impartial jury, jury from state the crime was committed, informed of accusations, confront accusers, subpoena witnesses, legal counsel

7th amendment

right to a jury

8th amendment

protects individuals from excessive bail and cruel/unusual punishment

9th amendment

asserts citizens have rights not listed in the constitution

10th amendment

powers not in the constitution are given to the states

executive branch

• enforces laws

• manages relations with other nations

• president, vice president, cabinet, mayors

legislative branch

• drafts laws

• confirms/rejects presidential nominees

• declare war

• congress

judicial branch

• interpret law

• check if laws are constitutional

• apply law in cases

• reverse laws

• judges, justices, clerks

house of representatives

• based on state pop.

• 435 total

• elected every 2 years

senate

• each state has 2

• 100 total

• elections staggered every 6 years

free enterprise

private businesses working in competition with each other, free of state control

4 factors of production

1) Land

2) Labor

3) Capital

4) Entrepreneurship

federal reserve bank

government run agency that controls the money supply and interest rates

GDP

• gross domestic product

• total value of economy’s goods and services

10 economic indicators

1) GDP

2) Consumer spending

3) Inflation

4) employment figures

5) industrial production

6) home sales

7)home building

8 construction spending

9) manufacturing demand

10) retail sales

what was the basis for developing civilizations

agriculture

ancient Mesopotamia

• irrigation to farm

• moon phase calendar

• central government

ancient Egypt

• Nile river

• large scale architecture

• hieroglyphics

• 365 day calendar

ancient china

• Great Wall of China

• flood control systems

• gunpowder

ancient greece

• pottery

• Olympics

• birthplace of democracy

ancient rome

• improved the arch

• aquaducts

• representative democracy

motivation of westward expansion

God, glory, gold

new England colonies

• plymouth

• massachusetts bay

• maine

• rhode island

• new hampshire

• connecticut

• timber, fish, waterways

mid atlantic colonies

• new jersey

• pennsylvania

• delaware

• new york

• farmland, rivers

southern colonies

• maryland

• virginia

• north carolina

• south carolina

• georgia

• farmland, forests

patriots

colonists that wanted independence

loyalists

colonists who remained loyal to england

events that led to the revolutionary war

• debt/taxes from the french and indian war

• Stamp Act

• Boston Tea Party

• Coercive and Quartering Act

battle at lexington

• April 1775

• first battle in revolutionary war

Declaration of Independence

• July 4 1776

• colonists declared independence from Britain

articles of confederation

first version of government in USA

federalist

wanted stronger federal government

• no bill of rights

• checks and balances

anti-federalists

wanted states to have more power

• no central bank

• yes bill of rights

Philadelphia Convention

• May 1787

• 55 delegates came together to draft a new constitution

Great Compromise

• representation in house of representatives based on pupulation

• each state gets 2 senators

3/5th compromise

each slave counts as 3/5 a person towards population

electoral college

• white males can vote

• each state gets reps in electoral college

• college selects president

7 principles of the constitution

1) popular sovereignty

2) republicanism

3) seperation of powers

4) checks and balances

5) federalism

6) separation of church and state

7) individual rights

manifest destiny

• US destined by God to gain territory

• spread capitalism

• spread democracy

Cherokee v Georgia

• Cherokee=independent nation

• must follow federal laws but not state

indian removal act

forcibly removed all natives from Eastern USA

• Trail of Tears

factors of westward expansion

• soldiers cashing out promised land

• affordable land

• religion

• gold

• railroad transport

first state to secede

South Carolina

• December 1860

Sectionalism

• South=relied on slave labor

• North=industial, relied on immigrant labor

• West=questioned whether new territories would allow slavery

compromise of 1850

• Calif=free states

• new territories would decide if they would allow slavery

• Texas=enslaved people’s states

Missouri Compromise

outlawed slavery in Louisiana Purchase of 36th parallel

Kansas-Nebraska Act

repealed Missouri Compromise

• created Kansas and Nebraska

• vote whether or not to allow slavery

Dred Scott Case

Fugitive Slave Act=escaped slaves should be returned to owners

• Courts decided that all African Americans did not have citizenship rights

first battle of civil war

battle of fort sumner

last battle of civil war

battle of palmito ranch

turning point in civil war

Gettysburg

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14th amendment

full citizenship to all slaves

15th amendment

right for all citizens no matter race to vote

reconstruction

plan to reintegrate southern states and newly free slaves into union

plessy v ferguson

“separate but equal”

progressive movement

social movement during 19th and 20th centuries focused on social, political, and economic reforms

panic of 1893

2 largest companies collapsed causing stock market panic

Populist Party

• labor reform

• 16th amendment

• 17th amendment

• temperance movement

• 18th amendment

16th amendment

income tax

17th amendment

direct election of senators

tenement housing act of 1901

aimed to improve conditions in city housing

sherman act of 1890

outlawed monopolies

clayton act of 1914

banned discriminatory prices

federal trade commission act of 1914

bans unfair methods of competition

18th amendment

outlawed alcohol

19th amendment

granted women’s suffrage

immigration act of 1924

established immigrant quotas

causes of the great depression

• stock market crash

• bank panics

• decline in money supply

• abandoning gold standard in Great Britian

• overlending to nations

• hyperinflation in Germany

21st amendment

repealed 18th amendment

how did WWI begin

assassination of heir to Astrain Empire

how did WWI end

Treaty of Versailles in 1919

What launched the cold war

• USA, Britian, and Canada created NATO

• Soviet Union and Eastern European countries form Warsaw Pact

cuban missile crisis

soviet union stored nuclear missiles in cuba

Reaganomics

• tax cuts

• deregulating private businesses

• reduce government spending

Persian Gulf War

Hussein invaided Kuwait after claiming they were stealing oil

• USA attacks (Operation Desert Storm) and executes Hussein

War on Terrorism

• 9/11

• al-Qaeda flied into world trade center and pentagon

• war on terrorism launched aimed at al-qaeda and taliban

department of homeland security

anti-terrorism, border security, immigration, customs, cyber security, disaster prevention

how to evaluate sources

• currency

• relevance

• authority

• accuracy

• purpose

how to organize research

• graphic organizers

• Claim, evidence, reasoning (CER) charts

• Flow Charts

• Venn Diagrams

• KWL charts

figure

thing being mapped

ground

what the figure is being compared to

interdependence

relying on each other for survival

push factors

why migrants leave an area

pull factors

why an area attract migrants

geopolitics

regional relationships, location, trade,and resources at the heart of relationships between nations