violence, prevention, control final exam

homeless youth in america

• 1.7 million young people call the streets home every year

• 20,000 homeless people 24 years old and younger live in New York

• 500,000 children under 24 accounted for 39% of the homeless population

• 100,000 homeless youth identify as LGBT

• Every year 5,000 homeless young people will die because of assault, illness, or suicide while trying to survive

reasons for homelessness in america

1. Domestic violence

2. Poverty

3. Loss of employment

4. Sexuality

5. Mental health issues

9. Divorce

6. Incarceration/released without home plan or changed home plan

7. Loss of home

8. Strict parental rules

10. Veterans returning from war

11. Racism/discrimination

12. Unforeseen event or continual events

reasons for youth violence

1. Your community

2. Lack of jobs that pay a living wage

3. The stigma of race

4. The fallout from rampant drug use

5. Drug trafficking

6. Lack of hope for the future

the cost of being incarcerated - Criminal justice system allows legalized discrimination in (HEEPJ)

1. Employment

2. Housing

3. Education

4. Public benefits (food stamps, government programs)

5. Jury service

mental health and inmates

- 43% of state prisoners report episodes of mania

- 23% of state prisoners report depression

- 15% of state prisoners report psychotic disorders (delusions or hallucinations)

- Female inmates have higher rates of mental health problems

- Suicide and homicide rates in prisons continues to increase

youth violence

refers to harmful behaviors that can start early and continue into young adulthood. The young person can be a victim, an offender, or a witness to the violence

code on the street and the AA adolescent violence

- Theory developed by Elijah

- Set of informal rules governing interpersonal public behavior... including violence

- Necessary for operating in the street...often street by street...block by block

- The heart of the code is based on RESPECT

risk factors for homelessness (IFPSC)

- Individual: history of violent victimization, history of aggressive behavior, involvement with drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, exposure to violence and conflict in the family

- Family: harsh, lax and inconsistent disciplinary practices, low parental involvement, poor family functioning

- Peer and social: association with delinquent peers, involvement in gangs, low commitment to school and school failure

- Community: high concentration of poor residents, high level of family disruptions, low levels of community participation, socially disorganized neighborhoods

kalief browder case (incarceration)

Held at the Rikers Island jail complex, without trial, for 3years for allegedly stealing a backpack containing valuables. During his imprisonment, Browder was kept in solitary confinement & then committed suicide

PREA act 2003

- Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) is the first US federal law intended to deter the sexual assault of prisoners.

- "zero tolerance" for rape in prison

medical issues of the incarcerated

- 44% of state inmates report current medical problems

- 39% of federal inmates report current medical problems

- Hypertension

- Arthritis

- Diabetes

- TB

- Dental problems

- Injuries from flights or accidents

roles in addictive families

the addict, the mascot, the hero, the scapegoat, the lost child, the enabler (usually the spouse)

the addict

- abusing the substance; center of attention in the family; if the family continues to reinforce this role for the substance abuser, they will continue to abuse substances because they enjoy the attention

the mascot

- comedian of the family; makes jokes at the substance abuser's expense, hindering recovery; makes jokes because they are feeling embarrassed and angry

the hero

takes responsibility to keep family strong; tries to excel in school activities; feels that the substance abuser is causing shame to the family, they may be in denial of the problems

the scapegoat

causes trouble to deter attention from the substance abuser; may rebel to avoid focusing on the substance abuser's problems; tends to feel guilty in the family

the lost child

stays away from problems; tries to avoid making trouble so as to not add more concerns to the family; keeps quiet about the family concerns; most likely to feel lonely and neglected

the enabler

usually the spouse

- tries to make everyone in the family content; likely to make excuses for everyone's negative behavior in the family; keeps the family from being healthy by encouraging negative behaviors either consciously or subconsciously

Addiction

• "habitual psychological physiologic dependence on a substance or practice that is beyond voluntary control"

Police violence

- The use of excessive force, usually physical, but also common in forms of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation by a police officer

false arrest

- Police arrest a person without probable cause, person movement is prohibited (false imprisonment) and there is not a defined reason to hold them

- Probable cause is a level of reasonable belief that a crime has been committed, and that evidence will support this belief

- Mental health implications: anxiety, paranoid

racial profiling

- Use of an individuals race or ethnicity as a key factor in deciding whether to engage in enforcement

- Ex: 1. DWB=driving while black, 2. Hispanics, latinos... asked for papers at random by police, 3. Stop and frisk, 4. WUN=white in urban neighborhood

- Black males are most often victims of racial profiling

intimidation by police

- Police engage in excessive nonphysical aggression toward the participant or another civilian

- Cursing at them, using slurs based on their race/ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, religion, or disability, or unduly threatening or intimidating them

- Police-initiated stops that lack probable cause were classified as harassment and deemed psychological violence, as were instances of police-initiated gratuitous prolonged discomfort

sexual abuse/harassment

- Police forced inappropriate sexual contact such contact included conducting searches of genitals in public places

- Ex: 1. Forcing women to have sex to avoid tickets or being arrested, 2. Inappropriate touching during body searches/searching without proper techniques

Black male Stats against Police

- Young black men are 21 times more likely to be shot by a police than their white counterparts

Stopped by the police for wrong use of the turn signal, the stop got heated, and she ended up getting arrested. Killed herself 3 days later in jail

Sandra Bland

latino males and police violence

• Stopped 4 to 9 times more than other drivers and detained longer

• Racial profiling

• Unlawful detainment

• Stalking

• Accused of being an illegal immigrant

what is being done to stop police violence

- Police body cameras

- Better community relations with police

- Improved training for police diversity

- Training about the appropriate use of force

- Mental health therapy required every 6 months (dr. taylor suggestion)

Elder abuse

• Elder abuse is the only abuse that is defined by age

• 5 areas of abuse for the elderly:

  • Physical abuse

  • Psychological abuse

  • Financial abuse

  • Active neglect

  • Passive neglect

  • Sexual abuse

challenges for elder abuse

- Lack of shelters

- Unraveling the complexities

- Lack of education and training for caregivers on their roles

- Lack of resources in the community

human sex trafficking definitions

- Act of recruiting, enticing, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining an adult or juvenile for commercial sex by force, fraud, coercion.

sex trafficking stats

- More than 300,000 young people in the US are considered "at risk" of sexual exploitation

sex trafficking facts

• 39 states have passed sex trafficking laws

• Is a hidden crime (lurking in the dark)

• Children are more likely to be sexually exploited for monetary gain by family and friends

child victims of sex trafficking

• 1 in 5 girls sexually abused or assaulted before they reach adulthood

• 1 in 10 boys sexually abused or assaulted before...

• 3.3 million children are being exploited and sex trafficking and labor trafficking at any given moment

stockholm syndrome

psychological phenomenon in which hostages express empathy and sympathy and have positive feelings toward their captors, sometimes to the point of defending and identifying with their captors

roles in organized sex trafficking

1. Investors or arrangers who provide the money

2. Recruiters who find the children or adults

3. Transporters who move the children/adults through the origin, transit, and destination countries

4. Public officials who receive bribes to provide identity documents

5. Informers who gather information on border surveillance

6. Debt collectors in destination countries who collect trafficking fees... which can be $30,000 per person

7. Money movers who launder trafficking proceeds

mental health of victims sex trafficking

- Ptsd

- Anxiety disorders

- Mood disorders

- Dissociative disorders

- Substance abuse disorders

- Depression

- High risk of suicide/suicidal ideations

- Self-hatred

- Low self-esteem

- Sense of despair

medical issues of sex trafficking

- HIV

- Sexually transmitted diseases

- Chronic back and joint pain

- Pregnancy

- Infertility

- Infections resulting from improper health care

- Substance abuse addictions

- Dental issues and infections

- Malnutrition

Sandwhich generation

When adults carry the responsibility of taking care of their children and their aging parents

LBTQIA Terminology

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual

LBTQIA Pronouns

Female: she/her/hers

Male: he/him/his

Gender Neutral: they/them/ze/hir/hirs

An event associated with the Gay Rights Movement in 1969

Stonewall Riots

Where did the Stonewall Riots take place?

Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, NY

Who led the Stonewall Riots?

Black and Latinx transgender women

Main goal of the Stonewall Riots

To end police brutality and fight for gay rights in the U.S.

Code on the Street

Theory developed by Elijah Anderson YALE prof. its presented as an explanation for high rates of violence based out of observing life in Philadelphia

Veteran Homelessness

About 9% of veterans are homeless

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