Physics Honors EOC Study Guide

velocity

displacement divided by time

acceleration

change in velocity divided by time

balanced forces

velocity is constant, net force = 0

unbalanced forces

velocity is changing, net force is not 0 (Fnet=ma)

Momentum

mass times velocity

Weight

force of gravity (mg)

Force of Gravity

inverse square law (as distance doubles, force reduces by 1/4)

Equilibrium

all forces are balanced

Applied Force

Equal to weight when forces are balanced

Mass

doesn't change as distance from center of Earth changes

acceleration of gravity on Earth (g)

9.8 m/s^2

free fall

object is only subject to force of gravity. g remains constant and velocity increases as object falls

Newton's 1st Law of Motion

inertia law. An object in motion will stay in motion, an object at rest will stay at rest

Newton's Second Law of Motion

unbalanced forces. When acted upon by an unbalanced force, an object will accelerate

Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction. Forces occur in pairs.

Power

Work done on an object divided by the time taken to do the work

Conservation Law of Energy

Energy is neither created nor destroyed. It merely changes forms.

Angular Speed

degrees per second or radians per second that a rotating object turns through. NOT linear speed.

Mechanical Wave

requires a medium

Electromagnetic Wave

does not require a medium

Sound

longitudinal wave

Longitudinal Wave

medium vibrates parallel to wave motion

Wavelength

distance between identical parts of a wave (crest to crest or trough to trough)

Archimedes Principle

An object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

Pascal's Principle

pressure in a fluid is transmitted evenly in all directions throughout the fluid

Bernoulli's Principle

An example of this is when air causes lift when it moves over an airplane's wing

Doppler Effect

Change in sound frequency (pitch) that occurs when a sound source moves, or when an observer moves, or when BOTH a sound source and an observer move

Force of Friction

in the direction opposite to applied force of the object (Fnet= FA - FF)

Normal Force

Equal to weight

Amplitude

Maximum displacement of a wave

Period

Time per cycle/revolution

Frequency

Cycle/revolution per time

Impulse

change in momentum caused by an unbalanced force

Why would astronauts on the moon not hear a landslide?

Molecules on the moon are too far apart to carry sound