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38 Terms
What are the main functions of nervous tissue?
Send signals and control body functions
Where is nervous tissue found?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
What are key characteristics of neurons?
Excitable, conductive, long processes
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Which muscle type is voluntary?
Skeletal
Which muscle types are involuntary?
Cardiac and smooth
Which muscle types have striations?
Skeletal and cardiac
Which muscle type has intercalated discs?
Cardiac
How do you identify skeletal muscle?
Striations and multiple nuclei
How do you identify smooth muscle?
No striations, spindle-shaped
How do you identify nervous tissue?
Neurons with axons and dendrites
What is an agonist muscle?
Muscle that performs the action
What is an antagonist muscle?
Muscle that opposes the action
What is an example of an agonist vs antagonist pair?
Quadriceps vs hamstrings
What is muscle origin?
Fixed attachment
What is muscle insertion?
Moving attachment
What is an action potential?
Electrical signal in a neuron
What happens during depolarization?
Na+ enters the cell
What happens during repolarization?
K+ leaves the cell
What is the typical resting membrane potential?
About -70 mV
What is hyperpolarization?
Membrane becomes more negative
What is the function of the Na+/K+ pump?
Moves 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in
What is the absolute refractory period?
Period where the neuron cannot fire another signal
What are the two types of synapses?
Chemical and electrical
Which synapse uses neurotransmitters?
Chemical
Which synapse is faster?
Electrical
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
How much ATP does glycolysis produce?
2 ATP
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic process without oxygen
How much ATP does aerobic respiration produce?
~30-32 ATP
What starts muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
What is the role of Ca2+ in muscle contraction?
Allows actin-myosin binding
Where is Ca2+ stored in muscle cells?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is a sarcomere?
Contractile unit of muscle
What are the two uses of ATP in muscle contraction?
Detach myosin and pump Ca2+ back into SR
What is a motor unit?
A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
What does a small motor unit provide?
Precision
What does a large motor unit provide?
Strength