Microbio Activity Worksheets Unit 1

hippocrates

proposed that diseases were caused by natural processes rather than supernatural forces, forming the basis of scientific medicine

aristotle

supported the idea of spontaneous generation and emphasized observation and classification in early biology

carolus linnaeus

created a standardized system for naming and classifying organisms that is still used today

galileo galilei

improved early microscopes and promoted experimentation and observation as essential to science

robert hooke

observed cork under a microscope and introduced the term “cell”

antonie van leeuwenhoek

first to observe and describe living microorganisms, referring to them as “animalcules”

louis pasteur

disproved spontaneous generation and showed that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease

joseph lister

introduced antiseptic surgery practices in surgery to reduce infections

ignaz semmelweis

demonstrated that handwashing dramatically reduced disease transmission in hospitals

robert koch

developed criteria (koch’s postulates) to link specific microbes to specific diseases

edward jenner

created the first successful vaccine using cowpox to protect again smallpox

examples of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

examples of disaccharides

sucrose, lactose, maltose

examples of polysaccharides

starch, glycogen

what is the primary function of monosaccharides

immediate energy

what is the primary function of disaccharides

energy storage

what is the primary function of polysaccharides

long term energy storage

what is a feature of a primary protein structure

sequence of amino acids

what is an example of primary protein structure

peptides

what is a feature of secondary protein structures

hydrogen bonding

what is an example of secondary protein structures

alpha-helix or beta-sheet

what is a feature of tertiary protein structures

side chain interactions

what is an example of tertiary protein structures

folded protein (polypeptide)

what is a feature of quaternary protein structures

multiple polypeptides

what is an example of quaternary protein structures

hemoglobin

what do covalent bonds do

sharing of electrons

example of a covalent bond

table sugar

ionic bond

donating/losing valence electrons

examples of ionic bonds

table salt

peptide bonds

bonds between amino acids

example of peptide bonds

catalase

hydrogen bond

slight polar bonds between hydrogen and oxygen

example of hydrogen bond

between water molecules

what is the core structure of a triglyceride

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

what is a property of triglyceride

serves as primary long term storage

what is the core structure of phospholipids

glycerol + 2 fatty acids

what is a property of phospholipids

amphipathic

what is the core structure of unsaturated fat

one or more double bonds

what is a property of unsaturated fat

liquid at room temp

what is the core structure of saturated fat

no double bonds

what is a property of saturated fat

solid at room temp

what is the primary role of DNA

genetic information

what is the sugar for DNA

deoxyribose

what is the base for DNA

A,T,C,G

what is the primary role of RNA

protein synthesis

what is the sugar for RNA

ribose

what is the base of RNA

A.U,C,G

what is the lytic cycle

viral replication cycle that immediately produces new viruses and destroy (lyses) host cells

what is the lysogenic cycle

viral cycle where DNA integrates into host genome and remains dormant

what is it called when the phage integrates into the genome

prophage

what is it called when the phage is stressed into the lytic cycle

induction

a random piece of DNA is transferred during the lytic cycle

generalized transduction

prophage takes DNA once excised and occurs at the end of the lysogenic cycle

specialized transduction

if the central dogma is DNA>RNA>protein, why do retroviruses go against this central dogma

convert RNA into DNA before making proteins

what does reverse transcription do

synthesizes DNA from RNA template

what function does the name reverse transcriptase imply

reverse transcription

the -ase in reverse transcriptase implies it is an…

enzyme

coccus

round

bacillus

rod

vibrio

curved rod

coccobacillus

short rod

spirillum

spiral

spirochete

long, loose helical spiral

coccus

single coccus

diplococcus

pair of 2 coccit

tetrad

grouping of 4 cells arranged in a square

streptococcus

chain of cocci

staphylococcus

cluster of cocci

bacillus

single rod

streptobacillus

chain of rods