LA Pelvic Limb, Urogenital, Head Anatomy

looking into pelvic cavity, cranial to cd view

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label 20-22

20. rectogenital pouch

21. vesicogenital pouch

22. pubovesical pouch

looking into pelvic cavity, cranial to cd view

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label 34, 35

34. lateral ligament of the bladder

35. median ligament of the bladder

ventral view

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label 44-48

44. deep circumflex iliac a.

45. external iliac a.

46. internal iliac a.

47. medial iliac lymph nodes: located at origin of 44

48. lateral iliac lymph nodes: located where 44 bifurcates

lateral view, head to left, dorsal to top

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label 49, 54

49. sacrosciatic ligament: white CT sheet deep to nerves in the lumbosacral plexus

54. pudendal n.

lateral view, head to left

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label the topographic regions: 1-4

INCLUDE ALL NAMES FOR 1

1. rump / croup

2. point of the hip

3. thigh

4. stifle

lateral view, head to left

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label the topographic regions: 5-8

INCLUDE ALL NAMES FOR 5, 6

5. crus / leg / gaskin

6. tarsus / hock

7. point of the hock

8. chestnut (remnant of tarsal pad)

lateral view, head to left

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label the topographic regions: 9-12

INCLUDE ALL NAMES FOR 9, 10

9. metatarsus / cannon

10. fetlock / ankle / metatarsophalangeal joint

11. ergot (remnant of metacarpal pad)

12. pastern

lateral view, head to left

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label the topographic regions: 13-16

13. coronet

14. hoof

15. digit

16. pes

pic 1: cranial view

pic 2: caudal view

pic 3: lateral view

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name this bone: 17

label 17a, 18, 19

17. femur

17a: head of femur

18. fovea capitis

19. greater trochanter

pic 1: cranial view

pic 2: caudal view

pic 3: lateral view

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label 20-23

20. cranial part of greater trochanter

21. caudal part of greater trochanter

22. third trochanter

23. lesser trochanter

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bone is the femur

pic 1: cranial view

pic 2: caudal view

pic 3: lateral view

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label 24-27

24. trochlea of femur

25. medial trochlear ridge

26. lateral trochlear ridge

27. condyle of femur

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bone is the femur

pic 1: cranial view

pic 2: caudal view

pic 3: lateral view

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label 27a, 27b, 28, 29

27a: lateral condyle

27b: medial condyle

28. supracondyloid fossa

29. extensor fossa

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bone is the femur

cranial view

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what bone is this

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label 30-33

tibia (left, medial) & fibula (rt, lateral, not fully developed in equine)

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30. medial condyle of tibia

31. lateral condyle of tibia

32. tibial tuberosity

33. head of fibula

cranial view

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label 34-38

34. body of fibula

35. crural interosseous space

36. cochlea

37. medial malleolus

38. lateral malleolus

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bone is tibia & fibula, fibula is lateral

plantar view

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label 39-41

INCLUDE ANATOMICAL & COMMON NAME FOR ALL

39. metatarsal bone II / medial splint bone

40. metatarsal bone III / cannon bone

41. metatarsal bone IV / lateral splint bone

left pic: dorsal view

rt pic: plantar view

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label 42-44

include all 3 names for 44

42. medial proximal sesamoid bone

43. lateral proximal sesamoid bone

44. proximal phalanx / PI / long pastern bone

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note: this is the exact same as thoracic limb

left pic: dorsal view

rt pic: plantar view

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label 45-48

include all 3 names for 45, 46

45. middle phalanx / PII / short pastern bone

46. distal phalanx / PIII / coffin bone

47. extensor process of PIII

48. plantar process of PIII

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note: this is the exact same as thoracic limb

left pic: dorsal view

rt pic: plantar view

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label 49, 51-53

include anatomical & common name for 51-53

49. navicular bone

51. metatarsophalangeal / fetlock joint

52. proximal interphalangeal / pastern joint

53. distal interphalangeal / coffin joint

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note: this is the exact same as thoracic limb

all are lateral view of hip & thigh, cranial to rt

pic 2: 57 & 60 reflected caudally

pic 3: 54 reflected

pic 4: 55 & 56 reflected

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label 54-57

54. middle gluteal m.

55. middle gluteal accessory head

56. biceps femoris m.

57. semitendinosus

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note: all are hip extensors

all are lateral view of hip & thigh, cranial to rt

pic 2: 57 & 60 reflected caudally

pic 3: 54 reflected

pic 4: 55 & 56 reflected

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label 60, 61, 66, 75

60. superficial gluteal m.: hip abductor

61. deep gluteal m.: hip abductor

66. tensor fasciae latae: hip flexor

75. rectus femoris: hip flexor & stifle extensor

lateral view, cranial to rt

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label the parts of the quadriceps femoris: 72-74

72. vastus lateralis

73. vastus medialis

74. vastus intermedius

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note: all are stifle extensors; rectus femoris (75) is also part of quad fem

all are medial view of thigh, cranial to rt

pic 3: 62 & 68 reflected ventrally to reveal deeper structures

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label 58, 62, 68, 69

58. semimembranosus m.: hip extensor

62. sartorius m.: hip flexor

68. gracilis m.: hip adductor

69. adductor m.: hip adductor

all are medial view of thigh, cranial to rt

pic 3: 62 & 68 reflected ventrally to reveal deeper structures

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label 69a, 70, 89

69a: adductor brevis: hip adductor

70. pectineus m.: hip adductor

89. femoral triangle: area between sartorius (62) cranially & pectineus (70) caudally

ventral view of hip, horse laying on back, cranial to rt, left side of body toward bottom

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label 59, 63, 64

59. quadratus femoris m.: hip extensor

63. psoas minor m.: hip flexor

64. psoas major m.: hip flexor

ventral view of hip, horse laying on back, cranial to rt, left side of body toward bottom

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label 65, 65a, 71

65. iliacus m.: hip flexor

65a: iliopsoas m.: hip flexor

71. external obturator m.: hip adductor

medial view of blood flow near inguinal canal

pic 2 follows 126

pic 3 follows 123

.

label 122-124, 124a, 124b

122. external iliac a.

123. deep femoral a.

124. pudendoepigastric trunk

124a: caudal epigastric a.

124b: external pudendal a.

medial view of blood flow near inguinal canal

pic 2 follows 126

pic 3 follows 123

.

label 125-128

125. medial circumflex femoral a.

126. femoral a.

127. lateral circumflex femoral a.

128. saphenous a.

medial view of blood flow near inguinal canal

pic 2 follows 126

pic 3 follows 123

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label 129, 130, 132

129. descending genicular a.

130. caudal femoral a.

132. popliteal a.

medial view of blood flow near inguinal canal

pic 2 follows 126

pic 3 follows 123

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label 62, 65, 63/66, 64/66

62. superficial caudal epigastric a.; branch of external pudendal a. after it passes thru inguinal canal; supplies prepuce & abdominal wall

65. cranial artery of the penis: in male, external pudendal changes name to this after 62 comes off (in female, ext pud just bifurcates into 63/64)

63/66. cranial mammary a. / dorsal artery of the penis

64/66. caudal mammary a. / dorsal artery of the penis

medial view of pelvic limb where deep femoral a. changes name to popliteal a.

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label arteries at the level of the hock: 128, 131, 134

128. saphenous a.

131. descending branch of caudal femoral a.

134. caudal tibial a.: after cd femoral a. comes off, poplital splits into this & cranial tibial a.

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these form the s-shaped anastomosis & saphenous will continue down the limb

left pic: dorsolateral view of crus & metatarsus, cranial to left

rt pic: same view but of metatarsus & hoof

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label 133, 135, 136

133. cranial tibial a.: deep to cranial tibial m., popliteal a. branches into this & caudal tibial a.

135. dorsal pedal a.: ^ changes name to this at the hock

136. perforating tarsal a.: branch of ^, will pass thru tarsal canal to reach plantar surface

left pic: dorsolateral view of crus & metatarsus, cranial to left

rt pic: same view but of metatarsus & hoof

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label 137, 138, 140

137. dorsal metatarsal artery III: dorsal pedal a. changes name to this after it passes tarsal jt; located between cannon & lateral splint bone

138. distal perforating branch: ^ changes name to this when it dives between cannon & lateral splint bone; proximal to fetlock, this bifurctes into medial & lateral digital a.

140. lateral digital a.

left pic: dorsolateral view of crus & metatarsus, cranial to left

rt pic: same view but of metatarsus & hoof

.

label 156, 158, 159

156. lateral plantar n.

158. lateral plantar digital n.: ^ changes name to this at level of fetlock

159. dorsal branch of lateral plantar digital n.

medial view of blood flow near inguinal canal

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label 141-143

141. femoral n.: innervates quadriceps femoris, gives rise to 142

142. saphenous n.: passes distally to provide sensory to leg

143. obturator n.: innervates all limb adductors

left pic: lateral view of lumbosacral plexus

rt pic: caudal view

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label 144-147

144. sciatic n.

145. cranial gluteal n.: branches off 144, in ventral part of ligament

146. caudal cutaneous femoral n.: branches off 144, in between 145 & 147

147. caudal gluteal n.: branches off 144, always in dorsal part of sacrosciatic ligament

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after 145 & 147 come off, sciatic curves around ischial arch & bifurcates into its 2 main branches → common peroneal & tibial n.

left pic: lateral view of lumbosacral plexus

rt pic: caudal view

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label 148, 151

148. common peroneal n.: one of 2 main branches that sciatic n. bifurcates into

151. tibial n.: same ^

pic 1: cranial view of crus, transected muscle at top is vastus lateralis

pic 2: plantar view of tarsus to hoof showing branches of 151

pic 3: zoomed in lateral view

pic 4: medial view of tarsus to hoof, cranial to rt

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label 148-151

148. common peroneal n.: bifurcates into 149 & 150

149. superficial peroneal n.

150. deep peroneal n.

151. tibial n.: bifurcates into medial & lateral plantar nn.

pic 1: cranial view of crus, transected muscle at top is vastus lateralis

pic 2: plantar view of tarsus to hoof showing branches of 151

pic 3: zoomed in lateral view

pic 4: medial view of tarsus to hoof, cranial to rt

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label 152-155

152. medial plantar n.: comes from tibial n.; changes name to 154 at fetlock

153. communicating branch: located at mid to distal metatarsal region; connects medial & lateral plantar nn.

154. medial plantar digital n.

155. dorsal branch of medial plantar digital n.

pic 1: cranial view of crus, transected muscle at top is vastus lateralis

pic 2: plantar view of tarsus to hoof showing branches of 151

pic 3: zoomed in lateral view

pic 4: medial view of tarsus to hoof, cranial to rt

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label 156, 157

156. lateral plantar n.: comes from tibial n.; changes name to lateral plantar digital a

157. deep branch of lateral plantar n.: branches off 156; supplies deep structures in metacarpus

ventral view

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label 23, 24a, 24b, 25, 31

23. kidney

24a: cranial pole of kidney

24b: caudal pole of kidney

25. adipose capsule

31. adrenal gland: medial to each kidney

longitudinal section of kidney

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label 27-30

name the topographic region that 27 & 28 sit in

27. renal sinus: filled w/ fat & surrounds pelvis

28. renal pelvis

29. renal crest: drains urine from center of kidney, flows into 28

30. terminal recess: extension of pelvis that collects urine from the poles

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renal hilus

what structure is this: 31

label the areas of it we can see on cross section: 32, 33

31. adrenal gland

32. cortex of adrenal gland

33. medulla of adrenal gland

UB is opened, cranial to rt

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label the topographic regions of the UB: 36-39

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label 40 & its opening 41

36. apex of bladder

37. body of bladder

38. neck of bladder

39. trigone of bladder

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40. urethra

41. internal urethral orifice

pic 1: cranial to cd view of pelvis & lumbar spine

pic 2/3: caudolateral view of pelvis

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label the topographic region 1, 2

label 3, 4

1. pelvic inlet

2. pelvic outlet

3. os coxae

4. ilium

pic 1: cranial to cd view of pelvis & lumbar spine

pic 2/3: caudolateral view of pelvis

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label 5-8

5. ischium

6. pubis

7. tuber coxae

8. tuber sacrale

pic 1: cranial to cd view of pelvis & lumbar spine

pic 2/3: caudolateral view of pelvis

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label 9, 10a, 10b

9. ischiatic tuberosity

10a: greater sciatic notch

10b: lesser sciatic notch

left pic: dorsal view

rt pic: ventral view

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what bone is this

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label the parts of it: 13-17

sacrum

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13. promontory of sacrum

14. spinous processes of sacrum

15. lateral sacral crest: formed by transverse processes

16. dorsal foramina

17. ventral foramina

label the topographic regions of the perineal region: 18, 19

18. superficial dorsal boundary of perineum

19. superficial ventral boundary of perineum

pic 1: medial view of left pelvic wall, cranial to rt

pic 2: zoomed in on branches of aorta

pic 3: zoomed in on branches of internal iliac (67)

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label 68-70, 77

name 70 in male & female

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note: 45 & 55 are external iliac a.

68. internal pudendal a.

69. umbilical a.

70. prostatic / vaginal a.: branch of 68, will terminate as a. of the penis

77. caudal gluteal a.

pic 1: medial view of left pelvic wall, cranial to rt

pic 2: zoomed in on branches of aorta

pic 3: zoomed in on branches of internal iliac (67)

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label 78-81

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note: 45 & 55 are external iliac a.

78. cranial gluteal a.

79. iliolumbar a.

80. obturator a.: branch of 78, passes thru obturator foramen & travels w/ obturator n.

81. iliacofemoral a.

pic 1: lateral view of crus, cranial to rt

pic 2/3: same but zoomed in & some muscles cut

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label 77, 79-81

77. lateral head of gastrocnemius m.: one of 3 heads of triceps surae; extends tarsus

79. soleus m.: vestigial; one of 3 heads of triceps surae; extends tarsus

80. long digital extensor m.: flexes tarsus

81. lateral digital extensor m.: flexes tarsus

pic 1: lateral view of crus, cranial to rt

pic 2/3: same but zoomed in & some muscles cut

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label 83, 84, 90, 100

83. peroneus tertius: cord-like structure, part of reciprocal apparatus; sits superficial to cranial tibial m.; flexes tarsus

84. short digital extensor m.: only m. in metatarsus; extends digit

90. common calcanean tendon

100. infrapatellar fat pad: fills infrapatellar space

pic 1: lateral view of crus, cranial to rt

pic 2/3: same but zoomed in & some muscles cut

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label 92-95

92. crural/proximal extensor retinaculum

93. tarsal/middle extensor retinaculum

94. metatarsal/distal extensor retinaculum

95. lateral extensor retinaculum

pic 1: medial view of crus, cranial to left

pic 2: zoomed in on crus & 78 reflected

pic 3: zoomed in on cannon region

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label 76, 78, 82, 85

76. popliteus m.: flexes stifle

78. medial head of gastrocnemius m.: one of 3 heads of triceps surae; extends tarsus

82. cranial tibial m.: flexes tarsus

85. superficial digital flexor m.: flexes digit

pic 1: medial view of crus, cranial to left

pic 2: zoomed in on crus & 78 reflected

pic 3: zoomed in on cannon region

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label 86-88, 88a

give both names for 86

86. superficial head of deep digital flexor / caudal tibial m.

87. medial head of deep digital flexor

88. lateral head of deep digital flexor

88a: suspensory ligament

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all flex the digit

pic 1: medial view of crus, cranial to left

pic 2: zoomed in on crus & 78 reflected

pic 3: zoomed in on cannon region

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label 91, 96

91. distal check ligament

96. flexor retinaculum

plantar view of distal limb

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label 88a, 97-99

88a: suspensory ligament

97. plantar ligament

98. straight sesamoidean ligament

99. oblique sesamoidean ligament

distal limb

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label 50

cartilage of the hoof

cranial view of stifle jt

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label 100, 101a, 101-103

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note: 25 is medial trochlear ridge, 26 is lateral troch ridge

100. infrapatellar fat pad

101a. patellar fibrocartilage: hooks behind an enlargment on dorsal aspect of medial troch ridge to lock patella in place

101. medial patellar ligament: this & 102 form the patellar loop as they pass around medial troch ridge

102. intermediate patellar ligament

103. lateral patellar ligament

pic 1/2: craniolateral view of tarsus

pic 3: caudal view of tarsus

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label 104-107

104. talus

105. calcaneus: located on lateral side of joint & proximal to tarsal I/II & IV

106. tuber calcanei

107. sustentaculum tali: medially projecting process coming off calcaneus

pic 1/2: craniolateral view of tarsus

pic 3: caudal view of tarsus

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label 108-111

108. tarsal groove: curved caudal surface of sustentaculum tali

109. fused tarsal bone I & II

110. central tarsal bone

111. tarsal bone III

pic 1/2: craniolateral view of tarsus

pic 3: caudal view of tarsus

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label 112-114

112. tarsal bone IV: positioned laterally

113. tarsal canal: formed by central tarsal, tarsal III, & tarsal bone IV

114. tarsocrural joint

pic 1/2: craniolateral view of tarsus

pic 3: caudal view of tarsus

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label 115-117

115. proximal intertarsal joint

116. distal intertarsal joint

117. tarsometatarsal joint

dorsal view of tarsus

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label the tendons 118-121

118. dorsal tendon of cranial tibial m.

119. medial tendon of cranial tibial m.

120. dorsal tendon of peroneus tertius m.

121. lateral tendon of peroneus tertius m.

.

trick: from lateral to medial → 121, 118, 120, 119

pic 1/2: parietal vaginal tunic opened

pic 3: same but zoomed in to see 14 & 15

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label 2-5

2. testis

3. cranial pole of testis

4. caudal pole of testis

5. parietal vaginal tunic

pic 1/2: parietal vaginal tunic opened

pic 3: same but zoomed in to see 14 & 15

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name the CT that covers the testicle

.

label CT 7, 8

label 9

visceral vaginal tunic

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7. mesorchium: portion of 6 that suspends 9

8. mesoductus: portion of 6 that suspends ductus deferens

9. testicular vessels, nerve, lymphatics

pic 1/2: parietal vaginal tunic opened

pic 3: same but zoomed in to see 14 & 15

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label 10-13

10. ductus deferens

11. head of epididymis: attached to cranial pole of testis

12. body of epididymis

13. tail of epididymis: transitions into 10

pic 1/2: parietal vaginal tunic opened

pic 3: same but zoomed in to see 14 & 15

.

label 14, 15

14. ligament of tail of epididymis: connects tail of epi to parietal vag tunic

15. proper ligament of testis: directly connects testis to epididymis

view of penis partially extended

.

label 1, 28-31

1. scrotum

28. outer prepuce fold

29. preputial orifice: opening of outer fold

30. inner preputial fold

31. preputial ring: opening of inner fold

pic 1: lateral view of penis

pic 2: same but zoomed in on root of penis

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label 17-19

17. bulb of penis: sits between the crura & serves as beginning of corpus spongiosum penis

18. body of penis

19. glans penis

pic 1: lateral view of penis

pic 2: same but zoomed in on root of penis

.

label 39-41

39. bulbospongiosus m.: on ventral surf of penis

40. ischiocavernosus m.: covers left & rt crura

41. retractor penis m.: on ventral surf of penis

pic 1: cranial view of glans

pic 2: cross section of body of penis

pic 3: longitudinal section of glans

.

label 20, 20a, 21, 21a

20. corpus cavernosum penis

20a. tunica albuginea

21. corpus spongiosum penis: surrounds urethra

21a. urethra

pic 1: cranial view of glans

pic 2: cross section of body of penis

pic 3: longitudinal section of glans

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label 22-25

22. corpus spongiosum glandis: cavernous tissue of the glans

23. dorsal process of glans penis: extension of 22

24. corona glandis: ridge of tissue surrounding glans

25. urethral process: protrudes thru fossa glandis

pic 1: cranial view of glans

pic 2: cross section of body of penis

pic 3: longitudinal section of glans

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label the opening 25a

label 26, 27

25a. external urethral orifice: exit for urine passing thru urethra

26. fossa glandis: opening the urethral process protrudes thru

27. urethral sinus: diverticulum that’s a dorsal extension of 26

left pic: looking into pelvic cavity, cranial to cd view

rt pic: looking at ischial arch, cranial to rt

.

label 32-35

32. genital fold: contains 33 as they enter pelvic inlet

33. ampullae: dilated terminal end of DD

34. seminal vesicle: lateral to 32

35. prostate gland

.

order of glands you feel during rectal palp (cd to cran): bulbourethral, prostate, seminal vesicle/ampullae

left pic: looking into pelvic cavity, cranial to cd view

rt pic: looking at ischial arch, cranial to rt

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label 36-38

38 is covering 36

36. bulbourethral gland

37. urethralis: covers pelvic portion of urethra

38. bulboglandularis: covers 36

.

order of glands you feel during rectal palp (cd to cran): bulbourethral, prostate, seminal vesicle/ampullae

pic 1: female repro tract in situ

pic 3: dorsal view of repro tract

.

label 51-54

51. ovary

52. ovarian hilus: convex surface of ovary where BV’s enter

53. ovulation fossa: concave surf of ovary where ova is released into uterine tube

54. proper ligament of ovary: connects ovary to uterine horn

pic 1: female repro tract in situ

pic 3: dorsal view of repro tract

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label 55-58

55. uterine tube

56. fimbriae: sweep the egg from ovary to uterine tube

57. uterine horn

58. uterine body

pic 1: female repro tract in situ

pic 3: dorsal view of repro tract

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label 59

label the openings 60, 61

59. cervix

60. internal uterine orifice: entrance of cervix

61. external uterine orifice: exit of cervix

pic 1: female repro tract in situ

pic 3: dorsal view of repro tract

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label the CT 89-91

89. mesovarium: attaches to ovary

90. mesosalpinx: suspends uterine tube

91. mesometrium: attaches to uterine horn & body

pic 1: dorsal view of female repro tract

pic 2: same but zoomed in

pic 3: cd to cran view of repro tract

.

label 62, 63, 65, 66

62. vaginal portion of cervix

63. vagina

65. transverse fold: landmark separating 63 & 66

66. vestibule

pic 1: dorsal view of female repro tract

pic 2: same but zoomed in

pic 3: cd to cran view of repro tract

.

label 67-70

67. external urethral orifice

68. labium of vulva

69. dorsal commissure

70. ventral commissure

pic 1: dorsal view of female repro tract

pic 2: same but zoomed in

pic 3: cd to cran view of repro tract

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label 71, 72, 72a, 73

71. glans of the clitoris

72. frenular fold

72a. clitoral fossa

73. sinus

view of mammary gland

.

label 75-77, 79

75. intermammary groove: divides 76 into left & rt halves

76. body of mammary gland

77. teat

79. teat orifices: there’s 2 of these on each teat

sagittal section of mammary gland

.

label 78, 80, 82, 83

78. teat duct: milk passes thru this

80. lactiferous ducts: milk travels thru these to reach lactiferous sinus where milk is stored

82. gland sinus: part of lactif sinus

83. teat sinus: same ^

label the types of kidney

42. unilobar kidney: small ruminant

48. multilobar kidney: in cows

longitudinal section of kidney

.

label the topographic region 43, 44

label 47

43. renal cortex

44. renal medulla

.

47. ureter

longitudinal section of kidney

.

label the topographic regions 43, 44

.

label 47, 49-52

include both names of 52

43. renal cortex

44. renal medulla

.

47. ureter

49. renal pyramid

50. renal papilla

51. minor calyx

52. major calyx / principal branch of the ureter

view of testicle

.

label 53, 59, 60

.

label the CT 57, 58

53. spermatic cord

59. testicular vessels

60. ductus deferens

.

57. mesorchium

58. mesoductus

.

note: this is bull testicle

view of penis

.

label 70-73

70. ischiocavernosus m.

71. bulbospongiosus m.

72. retractor penis m.

73. sigmoid flexure

.

note: this is a bull penis

view of glans penis

.

label & note the species: 75, 76

75. bovine urethral process

76. small ruminant urethral process

cross section of body of penis

.

label 77-80

77. tunica albuginea: dense CT surrounding body

78. corpus cavernosum penis: filled w/ CT in ruminants

79. corpus spongiosum penis

80. urethra

.

note: this is a bulls penis

view of bull accessory glands

.

label 60, 66, 67

60. ductus deferens

66. ampulla: enlarged end of 60

67. vesicular glands

.

note: these are labeled from cran to cd

view of bull accessory glands

.

label 68 69, 69a

68. prostate

69. urethralis m.: covers pelvic part of urethra

69a. bulbourethral gland: covered by bulbospongiosus m.

.

note: these are labeled cran to cd

pic 1/2: dorsal view of cow repro tract

pic 3: close up of vaginovestibular junction

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label 1-4

1. ovary

2. intercornual ligament: used to stabilize the uterus during rectal palp

3. uterine horn

4. uterine body

pic 1/2: dorsal view of cow repro tract

pic 3: close up of vaginovestibular junction

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label the opening 9, 10

label 13

9. suburethral diverticulum: ventral to 10

10. external urethral orifice: dorsal to 9

13. glans of the clitoris

pic 1: ventral view of cow mammary gland, cranial to top

pic 2: same but of SR

pic 3: inside a quarter

.

label the entire structure 14

label 18-21

14. udder

18. lactiferous ducts

19. lactiferous sinus

20. gland sinus

21. teat sinus

pic 1: ventral view of cow mammary gland, cranial to top

pic 2: same but of SR

pic 3: inside a quarter

.

label 22-25

22. teat/papillary duct

23. teat/papillary orifice

24. cranial quarter

25. caudal quarter

cranial quarter cut & reflected to expose midline of udder

.

label the entire structure 26

label the CT 27, 28

26. suspensory apparatus

27. medial lamina of the suspensory apparatus: meets at midline

28. lateral lamina of the suspensory apparatus: covers lateral surf of mamm gland, deep to skin

view of placentas

.

label 29-31

.

which species do the left & rt belong to

29. placentome

30. caruncle

31. cotyledon

.

left: cow

rt: SR