College anatomy terms 1

Human Anatomy

scientific study of the body's structures

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

Study of large body structures

Microscopic

Study of structures only to be seen with a microscope

Cytology

The study of cells and histology, the study of tissues

Anatomist

A medical and biological scientist that studies the human body

Regional anatomy

The study of how other body structures work to serve a specific body region

systemic anatomy

The study of structures working together to preform a unique body function

Human Physiology

The study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body's and how they work together to support the functions of life

Homeostasis

Is the steady states of internal conditions maintained by living things

Form

Function in all living things

cell

The smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism, containing cytoplasm

Organelles

Contains a variety of tiny functioning units

Tissue

A group of similar cells working to perform a specific function

Organ

A distinct structure of the body composed by two or more tissue types

Organ system

A group of organs that work together to perform major functions

Organism

A living being that can independently function as necessary for life

Organization

Keeps what needs to be internal internal, keeps what needs to be external external

Metabolism

Breaking down food for energy

Anabolism

Simple molecules combined into larger more complex substances

Catabolism

Large and complex substances are broken down into simpler molecules

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Releases and stores energy

Responsiveness

The ability to adjust to changes in external and internal environments

Movement

Actions of joints in the body and motion of individual organs and cells

Movement

Actions of joints in the body and motion of individual organs and cells

Development

all the changes the body goes through in life

Differentiation

in which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function to perform certain tasks in the body

Growth

Increase in body size

Reproduction

formation of a new organism from parent organisms

Oxygen

Key component of chemical reactions that keep the body alive

Nutrients

Substance from food and beverages, essential to human survival

Pressure

A force exerted by a substance in contact with another

Set Point

The amount of energy within the normal range that fluctuates

Normal Range

Restricted set of values that is optimal and stable

Negative feedback

reverses the change in the body

Sensor/receptor

feedback system that monitors at physiological value

Control system

feedback system that compares the value to the normal range

effector

feedback system that causes a change to reverse the system and return the value to its normal range

Positive Feedback

Intensifies the change in the body rather than reversing it

anatomical position

Map of the standard body

Prone

face down body

supine

face up body

Dorsal/Ventral cavity

largest body compartments protecting delicate internal organs

cranial cavity

stores the brain

spinal cavity (canal)

encloses the spinal cord

Serous membrane/serosa

Thin membranes that cover the walls and organs of the stomach and chest cavity

X-ray

a form of high electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of seeing only bone

Computed Tomography (CT)

noninvasive imaging technique using computer-enhanced cross sectional X-ray image is obtained

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A medical imaging technique using radio pharmaceuticals

Ultrasonography

an imaging technique that uses the transmission of high frequency soundwaves

anterior/ventral

describes the body facing the front

caudal/inferior

describes a position below or near the tail

deep

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

dorsal/posterior

describes the back

pericardium

sac that encloses the heart

plane

2 dimensional surface that passes through the body

pleura

serous membrane that lines the pleura cavity and covers the lungs

renewal

process by which worn out cells are replaced

Human Anatomy

scientific study of the body's structures