Post bio quiz evo (speciation and evo patterns slides)

What is a species?

Members of a population that can interbreed under natural conditions.

What is reproductive isolation?

A condition where different species cannot exchange genetic information.

What are the two main modes of speciation?

Allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation.

What is allopatric speciation?

Formation of a new species due to evolutionary changes following geographic isolation.

What is sympatric speciation?

The evolution of a new species from within a large population in the same geographic area.

What are prezygotic mechanisms?

Mechanisms that prevent fertilization and zygote formation.

What are postzygotic mechanisms?

Mechanisms that prevent a fertilized egg from developing into a viable offspring.

Give an example of behavioral isolation.

Different courtship and mating cues used by species to attract mates.

What is temporal isolation?

Different species breed at different times of the year.

What is ecological isolation?

Species occupy different habitats in the same region.

What is mechanical isolation?

Incompatibility of reproductive structures preventing mating.

What is gametic isolation?

Male gametes cannot recognize or fertilize female gametes.

What is zygotic mortality?

Zygote is unable to develop due to genetic differences.

What is hybrid inviability?

Hybrid offspring develop but die before birth or cannot survive to maturity.

What is hybrid infertility?

Hybrid offspring are healthy but sterile, such as mules from donkeys and horses.

What is adaptive radiation?

Rapid evolution of a single species into many new species filling different ecological niches.

Give an example of adaptive radiation.

Darwin's finches evolving into various species to exploit different food sources.

What is divergent evolution?

Large-scale evolution of a group into many different forms to fill specialized ecological niches.

What is convergent evolution?

Evolution of similar traits in distantly related species due to similar selective pressures.

What is coevolution?

Process where one species evolves in response to the evolution of another species.

What is an example of coevolution?

The relationship between plants and seed-eating mammals.