Deuterstomes chapter 34, Biology 156

Phylum echinodermata is exclusively located in ____ environments

marine

Echoderms are Deuterstomes with an _______ skeleton

endo

Echinodermata have _____ symetry (think starfish)

Penta radial

What animals make up echinodermata

Sea brittle, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sand dollars,

Echinoderms origins remain _____ but they are thought to have evolved from a _____ symmetrical ancestor because their larvae are ____ symetrical

unknown

Bilaterally

Bilaterally

Enchinoderms oral surface defines the

mouth

Echinoderms all systems organized with branches radiating from ____

center

Echinoderms the nervous system is a nerve ___ (shape) with ____ and no _____ of function

ring

branches

centrilaization

Echinoderm water vascular system is____ organized

radially

Echinoderm water vascular system radial canal exstends from ring canal into each body _____

branch

Echinoderm water vascular system water enters through the

mandeporite

Echinoderm water vascular system flows through _____ canal to ______ canal

stone

ring

Echinoderm water vascular system tube feet may or may not have ____

suckers

Muscular sac at the base of tube feet is the _____

ampulla

Tube feet in echinoderms are used in _____ ______ and ____ exchange

movement, feeding, gas exchange

Many echinoderms are able to _____ lost parts

regenerate

Some echinoderms reproduce asexually by ______

splitting

Echinoderms are mostly ____ (related to sexes and reproduction)

Gonochoric

Gametes released into _____ which is _____ fertlization in echinoderms

water

external

Echinoderms have _____-_______ larvae

free swiming

Class asteroidea include _____ and ______

sea stars and sea dasies

Astroidea are important_____ in many marine echosystems

prediators

Most asteroidea have ____ arms some have arms in multiples of _____

5

5

Class holothuroidea what makes it up

sea cucumbers

Sea cucumbers can invessorate their digestive track meaning

shoot it out and rap it around prayto protect themselves

Class crinoidea whats in it

sea lillies and feather stars

Class echinoidea whats in this class and what do they lack

sea urchins and sand dollars

they lack arms

Echinoidea have double rows of ____ ______

tube feet

Class echinoidea have protective moveable ____ ( think sea urhcins)

spines

Echinoidea have ossicules fused into ____

tests

Class of ophiurioidea is the ____est class and includes

largest

brittle stars

Class ophiuroidea arms are equal diameter to their ____ length

entire

Class ophiuroidea arms are easily ____ (broken off and regenerated)

automized

CHordate ____skeleton is very different from echinoderm ____skeleton

endoskeleton

endoskeleton

Chordate endoskeleton is truely

internal

Echinoderm endoskeleton is functionally simular to _______ exoskeleton which allowed them to move to

arthropod

Land

Phylum chordata what animals make this up

fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

what are the four chordate features

1) nerve cord

2) notochord

3) pharyngeal slits

4) postanal tail

notochord may be replaced by ____ column

vertebral

pharngeal pouches present in all vertebrate ____

embryos

Pharyngeal slits are only in adult vertebrates with ____

gills

Largest pharyngeal pouch develops into _____ in air breathers

lung tube

Chordate muscles are arranged in segmented blocks called

somites

Most chordates have an_______ against which the _____ work

internal skeleton

muscles

Phylum Chordata can be divided into three subphyla TWO of which are invertabrates

Urochordata (non vertebrates)

CEphalochordata (non vertebrate )

vertebrata

Subphylum urochordata what makes it up

tunicates and salps

SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA larvae are _____ like and have ______ and _____ (chordata features which 2 )

tadpole like

notochord

nerve cord

SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA larvae are free swiming but do not

feed

SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA adults typically lose the ___ and _____ (chordata features)

tail and notochord

Adults SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA are _____ (realted to movement) fliter feeders.

Many SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA secrete tunic which is

cellulose sac that surrounds the animal

subphylum CEPHALOCHORDATA what makes it up _____ scaleless chordata

lancelets

subphylum CEPHALOCHORDATA _____ and ____ chordate features that persists throughout animals life

notochord

nerve cord

subphylum CEPHALOCHORDATA spend most of their time partly ____

burried

subphylum CEPHALOCHORDATA have no distinguishable____

head

subphylum CEPHALOCHORDATA feed on plankton using ____ generated currents

Cillia

subphylum CEPHALOCHORDATA are the closed relatives to ____

vertebrates

Vertebrates are chordates with a _____ column

spinal

Vertebrates are distingued from non vertebrates in two ways _____and _____

vertebratal coliumn and head

how SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA’s vertebratal column differentates them from non vertebrates, encloses and prtoects the _____ _____ _____

dorsal nerve cord

SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA the head is distinct and well-______ possesing ____ organs

differenciated

sensory

SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA neural crest unique group of ____ cells that form many vertebrate structures

embryo

Internal organs list a few and every vertebrate has a _____ circulatory ssytem

closed

liver,kidneys endrocrine glands etc

vertebrate endo skeletons are made up of ____ or _____

cartilage or bone

SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA endoskeleton makes possible for great ____ and extroaordinary ____

size, movement

The first vertebrates appeared in the ____ about 530 M Y A

Oceans

the first vertebrates had a _____ at one end and ____ at the other

mouth

finn

jawed fishes first to become

dominate

_____ first vertebrate to invade the land

amphibians

_____ replaced amphibians as the dominant land vertebrates

reptiles

____ and _____ became dominate after the cretacous mass etinction

birds and mammals

Fishes are the most _____ vertebrate group making up over ____ of vertebrated

diverse

half

fishes provided the evolutionary base for ____ of land by amphibians

invasion

5 fish charecterizstics (first two are exceptions in hagfish and lampreys)

1) vertebratal column

2) jaws and paired appenages

3) internall gills

4) single looop of blood cirulcation

5) nutrional defiencies

nutriional deficencies in fish inability to synethsize aromatic ___ ____ has been inherited by all the vertebrate descendance

amino acids

The first fish had mouths with no jaws known as

AGNTHA

Agntha extant as _____ and _____

hagfish myxini and lampreys pretromyzontida

Ostrocoderms are now ____ but they would have also not had jaws

exstinct

The devlopment of jaws occured in the late ____ period

siurial

Jaws evolved from the ____ gill arches that were made of cartilage

anterior

Class chondrichthyes include

Sharks, skates, rays

CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES became the dominant sea predators in the ___ period ____-_____ mya

Carboniferous

360-280

CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES cartilage skeleton “____” with granules of ____ _____

calcified

calcium carbinate

CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES cartilage skeleton is a ____ (weight) strong skelton

light

Sharks were among the first vertebrates to develop

teeth

Teeth Evolved from rough ____scales on mouth’s skin

scales

teeth in sharks are easily lost but _____ replaced in cartinginous fishes

continiously

Sharks (and bony fishes) have a fully developed ______ _____ system

Lateral line

sharks have Series of _____ organs undr the skin that detects changes in pressure waves

sensory

Reproduction in sharks differs from that of other fishes bc: eggs are fertlized ____ and most pups are born ____( a few species do lay fertlized eggs)

internally

alive

Sharks have long gestation periods and relatively ___ offspring Therefore, are not able to recover quickly from population ___

few

declines

BONY FISHES Evolved at the same time as _____ ____MYA

sharks

400

Bony fishes adopted a heavy internal skeleton made completely of ____

bone

Bony fishes are the most species-____ group of all vertebratees z(> 30,000 living species)

rich

bony fishes Significant adaptations include ___ blatter and _____ cover (regulate buoyancy so they don’t have to constantly swim)

swim

gill

swim blatter Gas-filled sac that allows bony fishes to regulate their _____ density

bouyant

In most modern fish, filled and drained with gases ____

internally

Gill cover Hard plate, the _____ covers gils

operculum

gill cover Flexing plate permits water ____ over gills

pumping

Gill cover Efficient bellows system when ______

stationary