Group 2 - alkaline earth metals

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Last updated 8:07 AM on 6/17/26
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9 Terms

1
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What is the trend in ATOMIC RADIUS down group 2 [2]?

  • Increases.

  • Each element has more electrons, so more shielding/bigger atoms.

2
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What is the trend in 1ST IONISATION ENERGY down group 2 [3]?

  • Decreases.

  • Increased shielding.

  • Outer electron is further from the nucleus, reduces nuclear attraction, so less energy is required to remove the outer electron.

3
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What is the trend in MELTING POINT down group 2 [4]?

  • Overall decrease.

  • Has metallic bonding & delocalised electrons.

  • Charge of +2 AND n.o. delocalised electrons remains the same, but the atomic radius increases.

  • There are weaker electrostatic forces of attraction between the metal ions and delocalised electrons.

4
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What is the trend in REACTIVITY down group 2 (with water) [4]?

  • Increases.

  • Atomic radius increases, more shielding.

  • Weaker forces of attraction between the nucleus and outer electron, so the outer electron can be lost more easily.

Mg can only react with steam to make MgO, while other elements can react with water, to make M(OH)2.

5
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What is the trend in SOLUBILITY down group 2 HYDROXIDES in water? The uses of group 2 hydroxides [2] and its solubility:

  • Increases.

  • Mg(OH)2 → sparingly soluble. It is used to neutralise excess stomach acid.

  • Ca(OH)2 → slightly soluble. It is used to neutralise acidic soil.

6
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What is the trend in SOLUBILITY down group 2 SULFATES in water? The use of group 2 sulfates and its solubility:

  • Decreases.

  • BaSO4 → insoluble. The barium meal coats the soft tissue in the digestive system so it can clearly be shown in an x-ray. Barium is toxic, but this is safe as it is insoluble and can't be absorbed.

7
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What is the method for the test for SULFATES [3]?

  1. Add HCl to the sample. (This is to remove fake positives.)

  2. Add BaCl to the solution.

  3. BaSO4 a white precipitate should form.

8
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What is the ‘Kroll process' [3]?

  1. TiO2 is heated with C & Cl gas, to make TiCl4.

  2. TiCl4 is passed through a fractional distillation column to increase purity.

  3. TiCl4 is then reduced by Mg in a furnace creating, Ti + 2MgCl2.

9
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What is CaO / CaCO3 used for [3]?

  • To remove SO2 emissions and prevent acid rain.

  • Spraying CaO / CaCO3 onto SO2 produces: solid CaSO3 (calcium sulfite) + H2O

  • (And CO2 if using carbonate)