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57 Terms
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a network of terminal devices (like computers and mobile phones) and network devices (like routers and cables) that enables communication and services such as the World Wide Web and email.
What is the Web?
The Web is a service of the Internet that involves web servers (service providers) and web clients (service consumers) communicating with each other.
What is a Web Server?
A Web Server is software and hardware that runs on the Internet, often in a data center, to serve web content.
What is a Web Client?
A Web Client is typically browser software, such as Chrome, Internet Explorer, or Firefox, running on PCs or mobile devices.
What protocol do web servers and clients use to communicate?
They use the HTTP Protocol for request and response communication.
What does URL stand for?
URL stands for Universal Resource Locator.
What is a typical structure of a URL?
A typical URL includes a protocol (e.g., http://), a domain name (e.g., search.rutgers.edu), a path to the resource (e.g., /people.html), and an optional query string (e.g., ?q=chandu).
What are the main steps in a typical web transaction?
1. User types in a URL. 2. Browser sends an HTTP request to the server. 3. Server processes the request and loads the resource. 4. Server sends an HTTP response back. 5. Browser displays the web page.
What are the three main technologies used to create web pages?
HTML (HyperText Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and JavaScript.
What is HTML?
HTML is a tag-based language used to encode the content of a web page.
What is CSS?
CSS is a declarative language used to control the rendering and visual appearance of a web page.
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a programming language used to handle user interactions on a web page.
What does a typical HTML document start with?
A typical HTML document starts with the declaration.
What are the two main sections of an HTML document?
The two main sections are the head section and the body section.
<head>
contains meta-information about the document, such as the title.
<body>
contains the content of the web page that is displayed to users.
<h1>
HTML tag that provides context information indicating a heading.
Meta tags
Tags that provide meta information about the HTML document.
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
Specifies the character encoding for the HTML document, supporting all characters for all human languages.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
Sets the width of the webpage to the device's width and the initial scale to 100%.
<meta name="Description" content="This site about cakes"/>
Provides a description that appears in search results under the webpage.
<meta name="keywords" content="" />
Specifies keywords that help search engines understand the content of the webpage.
<ul> and <li>
Tags used to encode a list of items, with
- for unordered lists and
- for list items.
<div>
Tag used to group relevant HTML elements together into a single module.
<span>
Tag used to encode a segment of text or inline element within larger data.
<table>
Tag used to encode tabular data.
<tr>
Tag used to define a table row.
<td>
Tag used to define a table cell.
Web server and client communication
Occurs in both directions, allowing for downloading and uploading of data.
HTML form and input tags
Used to collect user input and submit it to the server for processing.
Login form
A common web form that includes username and password input fields and a submit button.
id attribute
Used to uniquely identify a tag or element within a page.
class attribute
Used to identify a group of elements that share the same visual effects.
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets, used to control the appearance of HTML content.
the default homepage file for a website
Index.html
the default homepage file when using ASP.NET
default.aspx
Domain Name Server (DNS
looks up the server IP address where the website is hosted and directs the request to that server.
What file does the browser look for in the root folder to load a website?
index.html
What is the significance of file naming in web development?
Capitalization and spaces matter; a file named Index.html is not the same as index.html.
What is the best practice for naming files in web development?
Use all lowercase letters and avoid spaces in filenames.
What happens if a filename contains spaces?
Servers interpret blank spaces as %20 in URLs.
What are absolute links?
Full web addresses that include the complete path and protocol (e.g., http:// or https://).
What are relative links?
Links that point to local content in your project directory, specifying the file name and folder structure.
<strong>
It is used to indicate strong importance or emphasis in text.
<blockquote>
To mark long quotations or testimonials from another source.
<header>
Introductory material typically appearing at the beginning of a web page.
<footer>
Author information, copyright information, navigation, etc.
<section>
divides long web documents into thematic sections.
<article>
Self-contained works that could stand alone or be reused in a different context.
<nav>
Navigation links within a web page.
What is the purpose of the target attribute in anchor links?
To specify how the linked document will be opened (e.g., in the same tab or a new tab).
What does the rel attribute do in anchor links?
Defines the relationship between the current document and the linked document.
What does the nofollow value in the rel attribute do?
Prevents search engines from following the link.
What is an email link format in HTML?
<a href='mailto:<email>'>My email</a>
What is the difference between <q> and <blockquote>?
<q> is for short quotations, while <blockquote> is for long quotations.
<main>
The main content of a document, excluding headers, footers, and sidebars.