BIOL 667 - Comprehensive

What is an introduced species?

A. A species that introduces themselves on their own to another species in the same habitat.

B. A species that is introduced by humans in regions they were historically absent in.

C. A species that is introduced to ecologists for the first time.

D. A species that is newly introduced to the general public for the first time.

B. A species that is introduced in regions they were historically absent in by humans.

Which of the following are NOT other terms used synonymous with “Introduced Species?”

A. Alien Species

B. Exotic Species

C. Nonnative Species

D. Nonindigenous Species

E. They all have been used synonymously.

E. They all have been used synonymously.

Which of the following are examples of Invasive Species that originated from Europe?

A. Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar)

B. Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)

C. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)

D. A. and B.

E. A. and C.

E. A. and C.

Habitat fragmentation is best defined as:

A. Complete destruction of habitat

B. Division of continuous habitat into smaller patches

C. Natural seasonal habitat shifts

D. Increase in biodiversity

B. Division of continuous habitat into smaller patches

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of fragmentation?

A. Urbanization

B. Roads

C. Natural selection

D. Agriculture

C. Natural selection

A major consequence of fragmentation is:

A. Increased mutation rates

B. Barriers to dispersal

C. Increased rainfall

D. Decreased edge habitat

B. Barriers to dispersal

According to Fahrig (2017), most ecological responses to fragmentation were:

A. Negative

B. Neutral

C. Positive

D. Unknown

C. Positive

Increased functional connectivity means:

A. Organisms cannot move between patches

B. Movement between patches is easier

C. Habitat size increases

D. Predators dominate prey

B. Movement between patches is easier

Edge effects typically result in:

A. Lower temperatures

B. Higher humidity

C. Increased wind exposure

D. Reduced sunlight

C. Increased wind exposure

Which species is most likely to benefit from edge habitats?

A. Interior specialists

B. Generalists

C. Deep Forest species

D. Aquatic-only species

B. Generalists

Metapopulations consist of:

A. One large continuous population

B. Multiple isolated species

C. Spatially separated populations linked by migration

D. Only extinct populations

C. Spatially separated populations linked by migration

A “source” population:

A. Has negative growth

B. Supplies individuals to other populations

C. Is always extinct

D. Exists only temporarily

B. Supplies individuals to other populations

Maximum Sustainable Yield occurs:

A. At lowest population size

B. At carrying capacity

C. At intermediate population size

D. At extinction

C. At intermediate population size

Logistic growth is represented by:

A. Exponential equation

B. dN/dt = rN(1−N/K)

C. Linear growth

D. Random fluctuation

B. dN/dt = rN(1−N/K)

Overexploitation becomes more likely when:

A. Prices decrease

B. Population size increases

C. Prices increase

D. Resources are abundant

C. Prices increase

The “tragedy of the commons” refers to:

A. Equal resource distribution

B. Overuse of shared resources

C. Government regulation

D. Sustainable harvesting

B. Overuse of shared resources?

An introduced species is:

A. Native to the ecosystem

B. Brought by humans to new areas

C. Always invasive

D. Always harmful

B. Brought by humans to new areas

Naturalized species:

A. Cannot reproduce

B. Maintain self-sustaining populations

C. Are always extinct

D. Are native species

B. Maintain self-sustaining populations

Invasive species:

A. Are always beneficial

B. Spread rapidly and harm native species

C. Cannot reproduce

D. Stay localized

B. Spread rapidly and harm native species

Propagule pressure refers to:

A. Predator density

B. Number of individuals introduced

C. Soil nutrients

D. Climate variability

B. Number of individuals introduced

A common trait of invasive species:

A. Slow reproduction

B. Narrow niche

C. High reproductive rate

D. Poor dispersal

C. High reproductive rate

Kudzu is known for:

A. Preferring interiors

B. Thriving in edge habitats

C. Being aquatic

D. Being a predator

B. Thriving in edge habitats

Ocean acidification is caused by:

A. Nitrogen

B. CO₂ dissolving in water

C. Oxygen loss

D. Temperature drops

B. CO₂ dissolving in water

Methane is:

A. Less potent than CO₂

B. More potent short-term greenhouse gas

C. Not a greenhouse gas

D. Only from plants

B. More potent short-term greenhouse gas

Albedo refers to:

A. Heat production

B. Reflection of sunlight

C. Wind speed

D. Ocean salinity

B. Reflection of sunlight

Sea level rise is primarily driven by:

A. Soil erosion

B. Ice melt and thermal expansion

C. Wind

D. Rainfall

B. Ice melt and thermal expansion

Climate change causes plant shifts:

A. Downward

B. Toward equator

C. Upslope and poleward

D. No movement

C. Upslope and poleward

Keystone species:

A. Are most abundant

B. Have disproportionate ecological impact

C. Are always predators

D. Are always plants

B. Have disproportionate ecological impact

The Minimum Viable Population (MVP) is the:

A. Largest population size

B. Smallest population for long-term survival

C. Temporary population

D. Maximum population

B. Smallest population for long-term survival

Protected areas are most effective when they are:

A. Open access

B. Heavily urbanized

C. Patrolled and isolated

D. Small and fragmented

C. Patrolled and isolated

SLOSS stands for:

Single Large Or Several Small

A circular reserve shape is preferred because:

A. It is easier to build

B. There is more edge habitat

C. There is less edge habitat

D. It is cheaper

C. There is less edge habitat

Biological corridors:

A. Increase isolation

B. Reduce gene flow

C. Promote dispersal

D. Cause extinction

C. Promote dispersal

Fragmentation increases:

A. Core habitat

B. Edge habitat

C. Ocean salinity

D. Rainfall

B. Edge habitat

Species requiring core habitat are most vulnerable in:

A. Large patches

B. Fragmented landscapes

C. Oceans

D. Deserts

B. Fragmented landscapes

Genetic drift is strongest in:

A. Large populations

B. Small populations

C. Stable populations

D. Connected populations

B. Small populations

Biological corridors primarily:

A. Reduce predation

B. Increase isolation

C. Promote gene flow

D. Increase competition

C. Promote gene flow

Which is an example of overexploitation?

A. Conservation breeding

B. Sustainable fishing

C. Commercial whaling

D. Reforestation

C. Commercial whaling

Renewable resources:

A. Cannot regenerate

B. Regrow over time

C. Are always unlimited

D. Include fossil fuels

B. Regrow over time

A high price for a species:

A. Reduces harvesting

B. Encourages conservation

C. Increases overexploitation

D. Has no effect

C. Increases overexploitation

Which is NOT an introduction pathway?

A. Ballast water

B. Wheel wells

C. Natural selection

D. Food trade

C. Natural selection

Invasive species often:

A. Have narrow niches

B. Reproduce slowly

C. Thrive in disturbed habitats

D. Cannot disperse

C. Thrive in disturbed habitats

Arctic warming is:

A. Slower than the global average

B. Equal to the global average

C. Faster than the global average

D. Not occurring

C. Faster than global average

Sea level rise affects:

A. Only oceans

B. Coastal populations

C. Only polar regions

D. Forests only

B. Coastal populations

Ocean acidification impacts:

A. Birds

B. Shell-forming organisms

C. Mammals only

D. Soil microbes

B. Shell-forming organisms

A landscape in which total habitat area remains constant but is subdivided into smaller patches would most likely:

A. Decrease edge habitat

B. Increase edge-to-core ratio

C. Eliminate dispersal barriers

D. Result in no ecological change

B. Increase edge-to-core ratio

What is Species Diversity?

A. How diverse the species are based on phenotypes/physical characteristics.

B. How diverse the species are based on genotypes.

C. How diverse the species are based on population numbers of the different species.

D. How diverse the species are based on the number of different species.

E. A combination of C. and D.

What is Species Diversity? (Open-Response)

The diversity of the number of species and the abundance/population of each species in a particular area.

What is Genetic Diversity? (Open-Response)

The diversity of the genetic variation (DNA sequences, alleles, gene frequencies, etc.) within species.

What is Ecosystem Diversity? (Open-Response)

The diversity of ecosystems within a specific bigger area or the planet.

What is a Keystone Species? (Open-Response)

A species that has a disproportionally effect on other species livelihood in an ecosystem while making up a small percentage of the ecosystem’s biomass.

Label the following letters.

A. Keystone Species
B. Rare Species
C. Dominant Species
D. Common Species