EMT FINAL

The physical act of moving air in and out of the lungs is called:

A) diffusion

B) ventilation

C) respiration.

D) oxygenation.

ventilation

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:

A. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure.

B. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours.

C. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit.

D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg

D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

A. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

B. A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations

C. A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

D. An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin

A. A conscious male with respiration's of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?

a) A 24-year old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree

b)A 37-year old female who is found unconscious in her bed

C) A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet

D) A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma

b)A 37-year old female who is found unconscious in her bed

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

A) continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx.

B) remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.

C) insert the airway no fun her but leave it in place as a bite block.

D) select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt 10 insert it.

b) remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx

Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilation in an apneic adult with a pulse?

adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?

A)Patients with asthma are at lower risk of developing anaphylaxis.

B)Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

c)Most anaphylactic reactions occur within 60 minutes of exposure.

D)The signs of anaphylaxis are caused by widespread vasoconstriction.

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21 year old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. What should you do?

A. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation

B. apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and transport at once

C. place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting

D. insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning

A. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

respirations increase in rate and depth.

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

Right Atrium

Angina pectoris occurs when:

a)myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.

b)one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm.

c)a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque.

d)myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand.

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

Sinoatrial Node

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:

A)the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

B)the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow.

C)the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing.

D)tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen.

A) the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

A) endocrine system.

B) respiratory system.

C) immune system.

D) cardiovascular system

Immune System

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

epinephrine

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

abnormal breath sounds

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:

A) instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

B) immediately reapply the oxygen mask ans reassess his condition.

C) advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption.

D) allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation

A) instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

a) a drug over dose

b)respiratory arrest

c) severe chest trauma

d) a cardiac dysrhythmia

b) Respiratory arrest

Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ______.

A) alternate drive

B)hypoxic drive

C)CO2 drive

D)COPD drive

B) Hypoxic drive

Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient?

A)Blood glucose levels

B) Lung sounds

C)Orthostatic vital signs

D)Distal pulse, motor, sensation

b) Lung Sounds

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

A)Bronchi

b)Alveoli

c)Trachea

D)Capillaries

b) Alveoli

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?

A)20 breaths/min with shallow movement of the chest wall and pallor

B) 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

C)22 breaths/min with an irregular pattern of breathing and cyanosis

D) 30 breaths.min with supraclavicular retractions and clammy skin

b) 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?

A) Severe anxiety

B) Pulmonary edema

C)Pleural effusion

D)Narcotic overdose

A) Severe Anxiety

A 59-year-old male with history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

A) Rupture of the diaphragm

B)Exacerbatuon of his COPD

C)Spontaneous pneumotorax

D)Acute pulmonary embolism

C)Spontaneous pneumotorax

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

ventricular contraction

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.

The central nervous system is composed of the

brain and the spinal cord

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

spleen

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

obstructive

"Myo" in the word myocarditis means:

A) cartilage

B) muscle.

C) bone.

D) vein

Muscle

If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________.

remove it

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

a) prone

b)supine

c)horizontal

d)on a firm surface

Prone

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

A)in patients who are intubated

B)if you ventilate the patient too quickly

c) when you deliver minimal tidal volume

d) when the airway is completely obstructed

if you ventilate too quickly

Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should:

A) Encourage patient to cough

B) perform abdominal thrusts

C) administer back blows

D) place the patient in supine

encourage the patient to cough

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:

remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it:

involves hands-on practice.

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a) rib fractures

b) gastric distention

c) liver laceration

d) a fractured sternum

gastric distention

What is the function of the left atrium?

a)if ejects oxygenated blood into the aorta

b) it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

c) it receives blood from the pulmonary arteries

d) it receives oxygenated blood from the vena cava

b) it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

When an electrical impulse reaches the AV(atrioventricular) node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that:

Blood can pass from the atria to the ventricles

The electrical stimulus that originates in the heart's primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from the brain that arrive by way of the:

A. parietal lobe.

B. pons and medulla.

C. somatic nervous system.

D. autonomic nervous system.

D. autonomic nervous system.

The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________.

A. coronary sinus, vena cava

B. aorta, inferior vena cava

C. vena cava, coronary veins

D. coronary arteries, aorta

D. coronary arteries, aorta

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

A. obtain baseline vital signs.

B. begin ventilatory assistance.

C. attach the automated external defibrillator (AED) immediately.

D. apply a nonrebreathing mask.

B. begin ventilatory assistance

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

A. nitroglycerin for her chest pain.

B. ventilations with a bag-mask device.

C. oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula.

D. placing her in an upright position

D. placing her in an upright position

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ___________.

A. Too slow

B. Normal

C. Too fast

D. Too shallow

B. Normal

Children of which age group are considered toddlers?

Select one:

A. Over 6 years

B. 1 month to 1 year

C. 3-6 years

D. 1-3 years

d. 1-3 years

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

A. 25-50 breaths/min

B. 12-20 breaths/min

C. 40-60 breaths/min

D. 15-30 breaths/min

b. 12-20 breaths

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

Diaphragm

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

Gallbladder

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

Foramen magnum

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

Skeletal System

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should:

Choose one answer.

A. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport.

B. immediately remove the nitroglycerin patch, apply the AED in case he develops cardiac arrest, and transport to the closest hospital.

C. move the nitroglycerin patch to the other side of his chest in case you need to apply the AED, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

D. ask him if the nitroglycerin patch

A. remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport.

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:

Dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

a. Continue CPR and transport the patient to the closest appropriate hospital.

b. Contact medical control and request permission to defibrillate.

c. Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

d. Avoid defibrillation as this will damage the patient's AICD.

c. Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

Inadequate circulation of the blood throughout the body is called?

A)hypotesion

B)shock

C)perfusion

D)hypoxia

B) Shock

what are the three components of the perfusion triangle?

A)arteries, veins, capillaries

B)plasma, red blood cells, platelets

C)heart, brain, lungs

D)heart, blood vessels, blood

D) heart, blood vessels, blood

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respiration are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is:

cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________.

Select one:

A. indication

B. side effect

C. contraindication

D. dose

d. dose

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?

Select one:

A. Intravenous

B. Intraosseous

C. Intramuscular

D. Sublingual

c.) intramuscular

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

Select one:

A. A patient with an altered level of consciousness

B. An alert adult patient

C. Medical direction approval

D. A patient with stable vital signs

c.) medical direction approval

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

Select one:

A. untoward effect.

B. unpredictable effect.

C. side effect.

D. therapeutic effect.

c.) side effect

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the ______.

A)medical history.

B)field diagnosis.

C)nature of illness.

D)associated symptoms.

C) Nature of illness

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ______ problem.

A)cardiac.

B)respiratory.

C)neurologic.

D)endocrine.

C) Neurologic

After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:

A)take standard precautions.

B)contact medical control.

C)notify law enforcement.

D)quickly access the patient.

A) take standard precautions

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes akin abscesses?

A)MRSA

B)Avian flu

C)Whooping cough

D)H1N1

A)MRSA

Most patients with an infectious disease will have ______.

A)seizures.

B)a fever.

C)a low blood glucose level.

D)abdominal pain.

B)a fever

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR?

30:2

Between each chest compression, you should:

A)check for a pulse.

B)remove your hands from the chest.

C)administer a breath.

D)allow full chest recoil.

D) allow full chest recoil

Shock due to severe infection is called ________.

septic shock

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________.

anaphylactic shock

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?

Cardiac tamponade

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:

A) apply pressure to the bronchial artery.

B) apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

C) administer high-flow supplemental oxygen.

DJ wrap the towel with pressure bandages.

b) apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Cool and clammy skin

b. Absent peripheral pulses

c. Restlessness or anxiety

d. Rapid, shallow breathing

b. absent peripheral pulses

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:

a. Assess the rate and quality of his pulse.

b. Apply direct pressure to the wound.

c. Administer 100% supplemental oxygen

d. Immediately evaluate his airway.

b. Apply direct pressure to the wound.

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?

acute myocardial infarction

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

immediately resume cpr

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:

A.

begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay.

B.

have your partner perform CPR while you question the bystanders.

C.

perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup.

D.

immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm.

A. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

A.

labored breathing

B.

dependent edema

C.

pulmonary edema

D.

flat jugular veins

B. dependent edema

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

A.

have chronic hypertension.

B.

regularly take illegal drugs.

C.

have had a stroke in the past.

D.

are older than 40 years of age.

A. have chronic hypertension.

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:

flows into the pulmonary arteries.

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

A)family history.

B)excess stress.

C)hyperglycemia.

D)lack of exercise.

Family History

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

A)administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin.

B)assess the adequacy of his respiration.

C)administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin.

D)obtain vita signs and a SAMPLE history.

B)assess the adequacy of his respiration.

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

A)all layers of the aorta suddenly contract.

B)the aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding.

C)a weakened area develops in the aortic wall.

D)the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

D)the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patient:

A)with a systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg.

B)who have taken up to two doses.

c)with a history of an ischemic stroke.

D)who have experienced a head injury.

D)who have experienced a head injury.

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should:

A)give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once.

B)obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice.

C)administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

D)give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure.

C) administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:

A)remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.

B)leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest.

C)remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place.

D)perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate.

C) remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication:

Select one:

A. acetaminophen.

B. aspirin.

C. nitrostat.

D. ibuprofen.

D. Ibuprofen

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

Select one:

A. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally.

B. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects.

C. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system.

D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

Select one:

A. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure.

B. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place.

C. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose.

D. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

Select one:

A. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal.

B. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient.

C. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route.

D. administer epinephrine to the patient, be

administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

Select one:

A. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic.

B. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route.

C. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream.

D. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

A)A 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness.

B)A 61-year-old female who si unconscious with facial cyanosis.

C)A 55-year-old with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea.

D)A 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears.

B)A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:

A)immediately after completion of your primary assessment.

B)after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding.

C)before you load the patient into the ambulance.

D)before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact.

before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on:

A)airway, breathing, and circulation.

B)gathering medical history data.

C)providing immediate transport.

D)obtaining baseline vital signs

A)airway, breathing, and circulation

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?

A)Head tilt-chin lift.

B)Head tilt-neck left.

C)Tongue-jaw lift.

D)Jaw-thrust maneuver.

D)Jaw-thrust maneuver.

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:

A)back of the neck.

B)forehead and face.

C)dorsum of the hand.

D)lips or oral mucosa.

D)lips or oral mucosa.

The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is:

Select one:

A. injury to you or your patient.

B. confusion among team members.

C. unnecessarily wasting time.

D. causing patient anxiety or fear.

A. injury to you or your patient.

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.

Select one:

A. decontaminate

B. properly store

C. throw out

D. incinerate

A. decontaminate