Section 2 Social Science NATZ VER!!!

At what age did Ford move to Detroit?

28

When Ford first moved to Detroit, he worked as….

A mechanical engineer for an electrical company

When did Ford found the Ford Motor Company?

1903

How many cars did Ford produce in 1910?

18,664

How many cars did Ford make in 1911?

34,538

After introducing the assembly line, Ford was able to produce _______ cars

300,000

After introducing the assembly line, the time it took for Ford to make a car dropped from…

12 hours to 93 minutes

By _____, the Highland Park facility was churning out a new car every minute of the workday

1920

Ford produced ________ cars in 1921, accounting for ____ of all cars in the US

1 million; half

Ford doubled production between ________

1923-1925

On October 31, 1925, Ford produced _____ in a day, at a rate of one car every _____

9,109; 10 seconds

By 1930, cars accounted for ______ of the nation’s manufactured goods

1/10

Ford acquired ________ in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula

Iron mines and timberland

How did Ford achieve uninterrupted transportation of goods?

Purchasing a fleet of steamships and an old railroad

Throughout the 1920s, Ford purchased or built ___ hyrdoelectric dams

10

Model T prices: 1909, 1914, 1925

$825, $490, $290

Fraction of American Households with a car: 1914, 1920, 1930

1/13, 1/3, 4/5

When did Ford launch the 5 dollar daily wage?

January 5, 1914

On January 6, 1914, ____ men stood outside Ford hoping to be among the _______ new hires

10,000; 4,000

When did Ford increase wages to $6/day?

1919

As the automobile industry grew, Detroit became the nation’s ____ largest city

Fourth

From 1920-30, Detroit’s population grew…

58%

What was Detroit’s population by 1930?

1,568,622

BY 1926, ____ plants with as many as ______ workers worked at a firm with “employee representation”

432; 4 million

Union membership declined from ______ in 1921 to ______ in 1929

3.5 million; 2.7 million

Ford mandated courses in __________ for his immigrant workforce

English and U.S Civics

Immigrants made up ____ of Ford’s workforce in 1914

2/3

When did Endicott Johnson publish their extremely creepy poem?

1922

In 1908, only ___ of roads were paved

6%

By 1927, _____ miles of road, accounting for _____ of all US roads, were paved

3 million; 20%

According to the Office of Piublic Roads, Americans drove ______ miles in 1930

206 billion

The miles driven in 1930 were a ____ increase from 1921

400%

A 1927 survey showed _____ of small town residents and _____ of urbanites owned a car

60%, 54%

What magazine claimed cars were better than a fine home and when?

Atlantic Monthly; June 1925

When did the Vagabonds travel?

1914-25

The Vagabonds had a caravan of ____ cars and spent _____ admiring America’s natural splendor

50; 2 weeks

What did the Federal government do to boost auto tourism?

IN 1920, they sponsored a 72 day road trip across 5,600 miles connecting all 12 Western national parks

A company that sold ____ claimed that “auto-camping is based on freedom, economy, and common sense”

Tents

In 1924, ______ were injured and ______ died in automobile accidents

23,600; 700,000

By 1920, what % of homes were Wired for electricity?

34.7%

The % of homes wired for electricity in 1920 was double that of…

1912

What products that used resistance coils became very popular after WWI?

Toasters, hair curlers, and electric kettles

% of industries that were electrified: 1919 vs. 1929

30%, 70%

The Ball Brothers Manufacturing found that with electric glass blowers, they could employ __ workers instead of _

8; 210

% of urban dwellings with electricity: 1920 and 1930

47%, 85%

% of farm dwellings with electricity: 1920, 1930, 1940

1.6%, 5%, 35%

Households with electricity own %wise: irons, vacuums, washing machines

97.8%, 44.4%, and 35.1%

A study of 36 US cities in 1926 found that _____ of affluent households owned a vacuum and washing machine

80%

A study of ____ rural and urban households in ____ discovered women in the 20s spent roughly the same amount of time on housework as their mother’s generation

1,500; 1925

What historian pointed out that electrification actually increased women’s workload?

Ruth Cowan

In ____, GE spent ____ on an assembly line dedicated to “Monitor Top” refrigerators

1926; $18 million

When did GE reveal the Monitor Top to the public?

1927

In ____ years, GE sold _____ Monitor Tops, blowing away projections

2; 50,000

Total production of fridges double from _____ and in ____

1929-1930; 1931

When was the one millionth Monitor Top made?

1931

Fridges were beyond the means of most families in the 1920s, but were much more affordable by…

The end of the 1930s

By 1929, advertising was worth _____ dollars

3 billion

GM spent _____ dollars annually to stoke (or even manufacture) consumer demand

$20 million

Glossy magazines, the main venue for advertising, sold ____ copies in 1929

220 million

What product is MOST notable for exemplifying wish fulfillment

Cars

Freaky Lifebuoy soap advertisement

A man learns he stink after losing friends and a promotion

Freaky Odorono ad

A woman learns the reason behind her unpopularity with men

What celebrities were photographed with a 1928 Ford Model A?

Mary Pickford and her husband

When was Earhart’s first Transatlantic flight?

1928

When did Ford publish his memoir where he claimed that businesses could neither force nor control popular demand?

1926

When did Ford discontinue the Model T?

Spring 1927

About how many Model Ts were made?

15 million

After discontinuing the Model A, Ford shut down his factory for ____ months leaving _____ workers unemployed

5; 60,000

What new features did the Model A have?

New brakes and gear transmission, electric ignition, hydraulic shock absorbers, and an ability to drive at 65mph

The Model A had ____ options

17

By 1930, Ford controlled ____ of the market

40%

Who ran GM, Ford’s rival company?

William C. Durant

By 1921, _____ of all automobile sales were bought using credit

50%

BY 1926, ____ of automobile sales used installment buying

3/4

By 1926, installment buying accounted for ____ of all retail sales, or ______ annually

15%; 6 billion dollars

By 1927, ____ of phonographs, ____ of washing machines, and _____ of furniture were bought on credit

80%, 75%, 85%

Installment buying created _______ of consumer debt

2-3 billion dollars

David Sarnoff gave a speech to his boss at ______ in a now famous memo about the Radio Music Box in _____

American Marconi Company; 1916

Development of ________ and __________ made radio grow, as it was now easily possible to “broadcast” voice messages over great distances

Wireless technology and vacuum tube receivers

Dr. Frank Conrad held what occupation?

Electrical engineer

How did Conrad broadcast his free musical entertainments?

He used a microphone rigged to a phone transmitter

Conrad broadcasted musical programs ____ per week

Twice

Who sensed something interesting in Conrad’s “radio” shows (aka the big moneys)

An enterprising executive as Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Manufacturing

By the end of 1921, ______ radio stations were broadcasting

26

In 1922, ____ new radio stations appeared

508

By 1926, the total amount of radio stations was…

Above 700

How many radios were manufactured 1920-1940?

41 million

The first versions of Sarnoff’s “Radio Music Box” arrived in stores in ____

1922

The first versions of Sarnoff’s Radio Music Box ranged in prices from…

$50-$100

How was the Radiola superior to the Radio Music Box?

It required no external antenna, boosted superior sound quality, and was simple to operate

Compare sales of radios in 1922 vs. 1924

1922: $60 million; 1924:$358 million

By 1925, there were ______ radios in the United States

2.5 million

What company created the Radiola?

RCA

What corporation fufilled Wilson’s desire to dominate wireless communication?

RCA

How did the creation of RCA begin?

GE and AT&T took over American Marconi

Who was chosen to direct RCA?

Owen Young, a former GE executive

With direct and indirect support from the American State Department, RCA built a communications empire in…

Latin America and Asia

Why was RCA able to maintain virtual monopoly status and act as an agent of “national interest”?

Radio communication was not nationalized in the United States

What station did RCA found that made it a major force as a network?

NBC

When did Sarnoff become President of RCA?

1930