History Final Study Guide

Made from Mr.Sander's Jeopardy questions

Which specific economic policy did Thomas Jefferson Pursue to match the philosophy of leaving citizens free to keep the money they earned?

Reducing Federal Taxes

What was intended to do on the areas already claimed by the Native Americans?

settle and rule American Indian lands

what question about the new government was being debated when interpreting the constitution?

the extent of federal power (loose or strict construction)

why did Thomas Jefferson label his victory over John Adams in the 1800 election as a “revelation”?

It signaled a shift away from federalist policy and ideology (ended federalist rule)

why did political opponent deeply distrust Alexander Hamilton’s financial plans for a strong national government?

fear of tyranny (central government could cause another monarchy)

what major 1823 foreign policy statement warned European powers that the western hemisphere was closed to further colonization and intervention?

the Monroe Doctrine

this political standoff between south Carolina and the federal government highlighted deepening divisions between north and south’s economic interests?

sectional differences (south relied on imported goods, north instituted a tariff on them)

what controversial economic legislation drove South Carolina to officially declare federal tax laws null and void within its borders in 1832?

the Tariff of 1828 (or tariff of abominations)

what was the controversial constitutional doctrine regarding a state’s right to void federal laws to protest the alien and sedition acts

nullification

When Andrew Jackson Vetoes the second bank of the United States, what did he argue this powerful institution represented that made it dangerous to regular citizens?

an unconstitutional monopoly (too much power in the “privileged elite”)

what strategic defensive purpose led Spain to establish remote settlements in Texas and California , far north of their primary economic holdings in new Spain?

to relate buffer zones

what intense resource rivalry on the great plains drove nomadic tribes like the Apache and Comanche to raid Spanish colonial settlements for alternative supplies?

competition for buffalo

what diplomatic strategy did Spanish colonial officials use to stabilize the frontier, reduce costly conflicts, and allow new mexico’s population and economy to expand?

creating alliances with the American indians

what were the 3 Mexican requirements of Americans to settle in Texas?

become Catholic, a citizen , and not practice slavery

what aggressive, expansionist promise did president polk make regarding the Pacific Northwest?

the Oregon threat

what primary political and economic motivation drove southern democrats to enthusiastically champion a military conflict with Mexico in the 1840s?

expanding slave territory

the controversy over admitting Texas into the union actually mirrored a fierce national conflict over what divisive institution?

slavery

what legislative proposal attempted to completely ban slavery from any territory acquired in the conflict?

the Wilmot Proviso

why did califonria’s application for admission into the union spark a massive national crisis?

upsetting congressional balance

what political demand was officially made public for the very first time in American history?

women’s suffrage

what 1850 law radicalized moderate northerners (legally forced citizens to assist capturing runaway slaves)

the fugitive slave act

what democratic policy directly triggered a localized civil war by enforcing rival factions to compete for territorial control?

popular sovereignty

what historic legislative agreement had prohibited slavery north of the 3630 line was repealed by the Kansas Nebraska act?

the Missouri compromise

what 2 federal actions of the 1850s outraged northerners by extending the reach and legal rights of southern slaveholders into free states

fugitive slave act and Dred Scott

what specific types of state-level statutes did northern legislature enact to encounter federal overreach and obstruct the enforcement of the fugitive slave act?

personal liberty laws

what union victory in July 1863 gave the north full control of the Mississippi river? (sliced the Confederacy in 2)

the siege of Vicksburg

what vital improvement in the union’s strategic military fortunes finally promoted Abraham Lincoln to issue the emancipation proclamation in September 1862?

the victory at the battle of Antietam

what 1860 political event demonstrated that the American political system had fractured entirely along geographic and sectional lines?

the presidential election of 1860

how did the federalist party believe the constitution should be interpreted?

loosely

what military strategy did the union use, leveraging its massive resource advantage to relentlessly wear down the confederate army?

war of attrition

in what areas did Lincoln free those enslaved individuals?

states in rebellion against the union

which law organized the federal court system and created the office of attorney general?

the jury act of 1789

which two European powers had conflicts with the young U.S., causing trade restriction, impressment, and diplomatic crises?

Britain and France

Alexander Hamilton urged congress to pass tariffs and subsides to accomplish what major goal for america’s economy?

support for emerging industries (had industrial vision)

why did the British attack the American frigate USS Chesapeake off the coast of VA provoke such intense outrage from Jefferson and the public?

national sovereignty (it was an act of war)

what sector of the American economy did Congress aim to shield from cheap British imports by passing the tariff of 1816?

domestic industry

what was the primary political goal of the controversial sedition act passed by John Adams and the federalists in 1798 during the quasi-war with France?

silencing political dissent (criminalized public criticism)

what major military clash occurred because news of the war’s end had not yet crossed the Atlantic?

battle of New Orleans

what was the economic goal for having Lewis and Clark seek a water route to the pacific and build ties with native American tribes?

to promote commerce

because large southern plantations did everything themselves, what types of heavily populated, commercial hubs?

large cities

what was the 19th century belief that the US was divinely ordained to expand it dominion across the north American continent?

manifest destiny

what was the primary goal of the US government in signing the 1851 treaty of fort Laramie with various native American nations?

clear the trails of native Americans

what unique motive forced the Mormons to trek to the great salt lake?

religious persecution

what broader strategy did Mexico prioritize by granting land to Americans to turn the wilderness into a profitable, tax-paying territory?

encouraging economic growth

what political status were the people of Texas declaring to the world by framing an organic law to “ordain and establish this constitution”?

forming an independent nation (led to the downfall of this party because it seemed “unpatriotic”

what 2 major factor made the vast northern Mexican territories of New Mexico, Texas, and California irresistible targets for American expansionists during the 1820s?

resources(lots) and people(little)

what devastating geopolitical consequence did the 1848 treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo impose on mexico to officially end the war?

the Mexican cession

the second great awakening cause a dramatic surge in what specific type of faith-based activism?

religious abolitionism

what risk kept the whigs from voting against the conflict with Mexico?

political fallout

what violent clash in disputed territory promoted president polk ti declare that “american blood was shed on American soil”?

thorton affair

what specific group should hold the ultimate power to vote on the legality of slavery within a territory?

local voters

what neighboring nation became the ultimate destination for the underground railroad?

canada

what conflict erupted when rival factions rushed to settle a territory and manipulate its popular sovereignty vote?

bleeding kansas

what firm position did Abraham Lincoln take regarding the expansion of slavery into the western territories?

non-extension of slavery

what philosophy did the South invoke to argue that states help ultimate sovereignty and could legally withdraw from the union?

state’s rights

what the nickname was given to general winfield scott’s strategy to squeeze the south by blockading ports and controlling the Mississippi river?

the anaconda plan

how did the emancipation proclamation permanently alter the north’s underlying purpose for fighting the civil war'

redefined war aims

in what 1863 speech did Abraham lincoln declare that the civil war was the ultimate test of whether a democratic nation could endure?

the Gettysburg address

what constitutional protection did Lincoln temporarily suspend, allowing the government to jail dissenters without trial?

habeas corpus

what missing geopolitical factor could have neutralized the north’s industrial advantage and secured victory for the Confederacy?

foreign intervention