quiz 1: chapter 1 - adolescent development

What is Adolescence?

Adolescence is defined as the period between the time ? begins and the time __ are undertaken (roughly ages ? to ?).

Culture is a __, passed on from ? to the next (?, beliefs, art, technology).

puberty. adult status, roles, and responsibilities within a culture. (10 to 18).

group’s common way of life. one generation. (customs).

Variations Across Countries

 There are about __ adolescents in the world today, but those adolescents are not evenly distributed across the world, and they are not coming of age with access to similar resources.

 To understand the diversity of adolescents’ lives across the globe, it is useful to distinguish between the economically developed/economically developing countries that make up about 20% of the world’s population and the economically developed/economically developing countries that contain the majority of the world’s population.

 Developed Countries refer to the most __ countries in the world. (i.e., Canada, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Costa Rica, and nearly all the countries of Europe)

 Developing Countries have less wealth than the developed countries but are experiencing __ as they join the globalized economy.

1.2 billion.

economically developed. economically developing.

affluent [wealthy].

rapid economic growth.

Variations Across Countries

 Cultures of developed countries tend to be based on individualistic/collectivistic values such as ? and ?.

 Developing countries tend to prize individualistic/collectivistic values such as ? and ?.

 These are not mutually exclusive categories, and each country has some __ between the two sets of values.

 __ refers to people in the rural areas of developing countries, who tend to adhere more closely to the historical traditions of their culture than people in urban areas.

↪ Traditional cultures tend to be more individualistic/collectivistic than other cultures, in part because in rural areas close ties with others are often an ?.

individualistic. independence and self-expression.

collectivistic. obedience and group harmony.

balance.

Traditional Cultures.

collectivistic. economic necessity.

Variations Across Countries

 This worldwide profile of adolescents demonstrates that if you wish to understand their psychological development, it is crucial to understand the lives of adolescents and their families in developing countries, who comprise the minority/majority of the world’s population.

 There are universals of adolescent development, but to fully comprehend adolescents’ development you also need to know its worldwide ? in developing countries as well as in developed countries.

majority.

variations.

Globalization

 While researchers on adolescence have begun to pay more attention to cultural influences on adolescent development, more and more studies are also recognizing that cultures all over the world are changing due to ?.

 Globalization means that the world is becoming “smaller/larger,” and to some extent more heterogeneous/homogeneous, due to increased connections in trade, travel, technology, and leisure.

↪ In many parts of the world, individuals are growing up listening to much of the same/different music, watching many of the same shows and movies, using the same apps and social media, going to school for an increasing number of years, learning how to use computers and smartphones, drinking the same soft drinks, and wearing the same clothing brands.

globalization.

“smaller”. homogeneous.

same.

Variations Within Countries

 Most countries today have a majority __ that sets most of the norms and standards and holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual, and media power.

 Often the group within a country that dominates the majority culture is also the least/most populous group.

 T/F: Variations in adolescent development also occur because of differences within countries in the settings and circumstances of individual lives.

 __ are the settings and circumstances that contribute to variations in pathways of developments.

↪ Contexts include __ such as family, peer groups, school, work, media, as well as civic and religious institutions, all of which are discussed in this course.

↪ Three other important aspects of variation highlighted throughout the course are ?,?,?.

culture.

most.

TRUE.

Contexts.

environmental settings.

socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity.

Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood

 __ adulthood: a great deal happens in late teens/early 20s that is related to development earlier in adolescence and that has important implications for the path that development takes in adulthood.

↪ Roughly ages ?-?

 Five characteristics distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods. Emerging adulthood is a time of:

Emerging.

18-25.

↪ Identity explorations

↪ Instability

↪ Self-focus

↪ Feeling in-between

↪ Possibilities/optimism

Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood

Identity Explorations

 T/F: Perhaps the most distinctive characteristic.

 When people explore various possibilities in love and work as they move towards making enduring choices; they develop a more definite __ through trying out these possibilities.

 Understanding ? they are, what their ? and ? are, what their beliefs/values are, and how they fit into the ? around them.

TRUE.

identity.

who. capabilities and limitations. society.

Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood

Instability

 Emerging adults often live stable/unstable lives; frequent/less frequent moves between residences as they become independent, as well as instability/stability in education, work, & love relationships.

unstable.

frequent.

instability.

Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood

Self-Focus

 Emerging adults establish a more __ lifestyle than they had as adolescents; they are in between ? & ?.

 Being self-focused during emerging adulthood is normal, healthy, and temporary; the goal is to __ as self-sufficient people.

independent. reliance on parents & long-term commitments in love and work.

stand alone.

Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood

Feeling In-Between

 T/F: Feeling not like an adolescent, but not fully adult either.

 It is only when people reach their ?/? that a clear majority of Americans feel they have reached adulthood.

TRUE.

late 20s/early 30s.

Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood

Possibilities/Optimism

 A time where many __ remain possible, when little about a persons’ ? has been decided for certain.

 High/Low hopes, great/weak expectations.

 A time to straighten out parts of their lives that have become twisted, as they are no longer subject to family problems on a daily basis and can therefore make ? decisions.

different futures. direction in life.

High. Great.

independent.

Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adulthood does not exist in all cultures, but rather ones where people are allowed to postpone enduring adult roles until at least their __.

mid-20s.