Geography, Immigration Waves, and Chinese-American History — Quick Notes

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Last updated 4:16 PM on 9/5/25
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15 Terms

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Chinese Exclusion Act
An 1882 act banning Chinese labor immigration, setting a precedent for exclusionary policy.
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Paper Sons
A method used by Chinese immigrants to circumvent immigration restrictions using falsified paper-based documentation to claim ancestry.
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Angel Island
An immigration processing station in San Francisco Bay where Chinese immigrants faced extensive questioning and scrutiny.
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Credit-Ticket System
A system where Chinese laborers paid a loan to migrate to the U.S., expected to settle briefly and then return home.
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Sojourner Mentality
The mindset of migrants intending to return home after short stays, leading to less incentive for long-term integration.
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Settler Mentality
The mindset of migrants pursuing full integration, citizenship, land ownership, and political participation in their new country.
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Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR)
A railroad company that heavily relied on Chinese immigrant labor for construction, especially through the Sierra Nevada.
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The Big Four
Reference to Crocker, Stanford, Huntington, and Hopkins, key figures behind the Central Pacific Railroad who leveraged cheap labor.
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Foreign Miner's Tax
An 1850 tax specifically targeting non-citizen miners, primarily enforced against Chinese miners.
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Internal Colony Concept
A framework describing how structural racism kept Chinese workers in low-status, low-wage roles with limited upward mobility within the U.S. economy.
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Open Immigration Period (1848-1934)
A historical period allowing Chinese and other Asians to immigrate to the U.S., despite facing significant discrimination.
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Closed Immigration Period (1934-1965)
A historical period where very few Asians were admitted to the U.S., with limited exceptions.
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1965 Immigration Act Reforms
Legislation that created a preferential quota system focusing on skilled workers (MDs, PhDs, IT) for selective admission.
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Push Factors for Chinese Immigration (Southern China)
War, famine, colonial disruption, economic instability, and the effects of Qing governance and external pressures.
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Pull Factors for Chinese Immigration (U.S.)
U.S. labor demand in railroads, mining, and agriculture, driving recruitment for cheap labor.