imperialism

theres a lot good luck

what was stopping the europeans from going into africa?

local tribes resisted them, malaria, rivers were hard to travel through

what were the solutions that helped europeans get into africa?

maxim guns helped them defend against tribes, quinine which was found in tonic water prevented and treated malaria, and watt’s steam powered engine made it easier to travel up rivers

henry stanley

newspaper writer that went to africa to find out what happened to livingston. becomes famous cuz when he went back to england he had a cool story to tell about livingston

david livingston

missionary that went to africa to find ways he could help them but one day stopped sending letters back home to england because he felt that africa was his home now

king leopold II of belgium

wanted to use stanleys knowledge to benefit belgium. big jerk. quotas were set for the local natives to make rubber and if it wasn’t met, their punishment was a shooting in the head and had to prove death w their severed hand. many owners got smart tho and cut alive peoples hands off without killing them

social darwinism

form of racism. created by herbert spencer cuz he got inspired by darwin. said that europeans were smarter and more advanced than the rest. used to justify racism

cecil rhodes

wanted to build a railroad from Cairo to Capetown to connect them cuz diamonds

major reasons for european imperialism

industrial revolution created a source for raw materials, european nationalism motivated them to dominate, missionary activity caused people wanna help others, military and naval bases so you can have military access in places you want to conquer

berlin conference

how 14 non-african nations planned to divide up africa

the great trek

when boers were kicked out of their homes and forced to go north

the boer war

first modern “total war”. not just 1v1, many other tribes tried to help boers win. british still ends up winning and they establish a self-governing union of south africa

maji-maji rebellion

locals fighting back cuz germany placed a high tax on sesame oil. rebellion is seen as a source of pride cuz african tribes stood up for themselves and attempted to resist.

menelik II

emperor of the ethiopians. made sure that whenever he was trading w others, he got modern weapons in return

who wants to take over ethiopia

italy tried to establish their control w a peace treaty but it got lost in translation cuz ethiopians thought they were signing a business partnership w them

battle of adowa

italy vs ethiopia. actual fair battle w equal weapons so ethiopians end up winning

negative legacy of europeans coming to africa

major death, no respect for culture, spread of diseases (smallpox), borders only drawn for european convenience, lost land and independence, famine cuz cash crops aren’t daily food

positives of eurpeans coming to africa

reduction of local warfare, improved sanitation (hospitals), literacy and lifespan went up (schools), economic expansion (african products have more value now like diamonds), more infastructure

what was india to the british

“the jewel in the crown”- their most prized posession

east india company

british company that was in india cuz england was too far away. has their own army

sepoys

indian soldiers fighting for britain. indians couldnt be officers

why does britain want india

india has raw materials so whatever goods are made are british so they have to buy them. buy whatever version the british made so they make money

what do the british want to trade w china

british ppl want tea for a poppy plant that makes opium (strong painkiller but v addictive)

how did colonialism affect india

less food across india cuz farmers are forced to produce cash crops which aren’t a part of their daily diet, forced to buy expensive british goods, more schools, telegraph lines, railroads etc… the british invest for their own good, not india’s

sepoy mutiny

natives didn’t like that soldiers were getting arrested for following their religion so they marched to delhi and captured the city. british sent in extra troops and used the technique of divide and conquer. british won cuz indians weren’t organized

raj

the part of india under direct strict british control

why didn’t sepoys want to tear open the cartidge

many soldiers were getting arrested because they refused to open the cartridge w their mouth cuz it was coated in pork and beef fat that went against their religious beliefs.

guangzhou

major port for trading, big benefit for the gov because it made it easier to track what was coming in and out

change in opium use

china wanted opium so doctors could use it as a painkiller but when they realized it has more risks than rewards, they stopped trading w the british. the british started to force it into markets illegally and many got addicted

opium war

fought mostly at sea so the british had an advantage cuz of their steam powered boats. british win

treaty of nanjing

great britain gets hong kong and extraterritorial rights (foreigners in china are exempt from following chinese law)

taiping rebellion

ppl wanted to distribute china’s resources to lessen poverty. successful, but had short term effects. caused many to starve

empress dowager cixi

improves china by building up china’s education, tries to be a good neighbor and have a good relationship w neighboring countries to create peace, built up navy and got steam powered gunboats

sphere of influence

foreign nation dominates trade in economic investments. just looking for money, not tryna rule

open door policy

anyone is welcome to trade w china, doesnt have to be a fight. prevents one country from ruling trade in china. created by the US cuz they didn’t wanna fight

boxer rebellion

people angry about foreign influence. not too succesful but was a proud moment for china cuz they tried to resist

matthew perry

naval officer in US navy. shows up to japan w a letter from the president. pres wants to request trade access. threatens them w gunboats so they kinda have to say yes

mutsuhito

replaces shogun. emphasized industrialization. improved the military, schools, and got rid of extraterritorial rights. brought japan out of isolation

time period when mutsuhito rules

enlightened rule

sino-japanese war

china vs japan to see who has more influence and control over Korea. started cuz china “disobeyed” their hands-off agreement. japan said if u can, i can too. japan wins

hands-off agreement

between china and japan. i wont touch korea, neither will u

russo-japanese war

fight w russia over manchuria, korea. unfair fight cuz russia was still heading over to japan to fight but japan caught them off guard when they were restocking materials and attacked. japan ez win

treaty of portsmouth

by theodore roosevelt. hands korea over to japan earns roosevelt the nobel peace prize

monroe doctrine

calling dibs on america directed towards europe

cuban rebellion

cubans wanted to eliminate spanish control. rebellion fails and spain gets tighter control over cuba. rebels flee to US

jose marti

rebel in the cuban rebellion. poet that made his way up to nyc cuz ellis island is a huge center for immigrants. wants to find a spanish speaking community so he can start a stronger rebellion this time

william randolph hearst

ran the new york journal

joseph pulitzer

ran the new york world

yellow journalism

exaggerated stories based on the truth. meant to attract an audience

frederick remington

pulitzer’s best artist. pulitzer told him to draw the pics so he can furnish the war

enrique de lome

spain’s ambassador to represent spanish gov in US. wrote a rude letter about william mckinley, pres of US, and it ended up in the newspaper. he resigns but waits until he has a proper replacement so it can seem like a seamless transition

USS maine

sent down to havana harbor in case if fight breaks out in cuba, to protect americans. randomly blew up one day, great oppurtunity to blame spain for it to start the spanish american war

“remember the maine”

slogan for spanish-american war. americans wanna fight as a response for the explosion

jingoism

extreme nationalism. ready for aggressive action

george dewey

leads sails to manila bay and catches the spanish off guard.